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Chapter 2 Small-scale power plants The adoption of the recuperator is vital to achieve good efficiencies even with the limited pressure ratio (normally 4 ÷ 4.57) allowed by single-stage radial machines. In fact, in case of simple cycle, with such a low pressure ratio, temperature would be very high at turbine outlet and very low at combustor inlet, which would imply unacceptable efficiencies. On the other hand, a pressure ratio increase would require the adoption of multi-stage machines, with consequent increase in investment costs. The installation of a recuperator solves these problems, because it exploits the energy contained in the flue gases to heat the air entering the combustor. Indeed, as shown in Figure 2.14, a further pressure ratio increase would be disadvantageous, because of losses due to inefficiency of the machines, that grow proportionally to the work and thus to the pressure ratio [2.2]. 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 Micro gas turbines - Electrical efficiency vs β - TIT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Pressure ratio TIT = 1200°C TIT = 1100°C TIT = 1000°C TIT = 900°C TIT = 800°C TIT = 700°C Figure 2.14 – Electrical efficiencies of mGT regenerative cycles as a function of pressure ratio (β) and turbine inlet temperature (TIT)8. Turbine inlet temperature is normally 900 ÷ 950°C, since turbine cooling is not performed: the corresponding optimum pressure ratio is, not by chance, 4 ÷ 4.5, as 7 In small simple-cycle turbines pressure ratio is generally 8 ÷ 15. 8 Results have been obtained via simulations in ThermoflexTM adopting average design values (being a complementary analysis, details are not discussed). The software will be described in the next chapter. 70 Electrical efficiency [%]PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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