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Chapter 2 Small-scale power plants Returning to microturbines, at the moment there are eight models available on the market, having a power capacity ranging between 30 ÷ 250 kWel, with corresponding efficiencies of 25 ÷ 33%, as shown in Figure 2.18. 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 Electrical efficiency - Micro gas turbines 10 100 1000 Power capacity [kWel] Figure 2.18 – Electrical efficiency of micro gas turbines as a function of size. Comparing this figure with Figure 2.5, it appears that microturbines performance is comparable with the one of internal combustion engines, although being slightly lower (see next section for deeper considerations). Besides investment costs are a little higher (1100 ÷ 1400 €/kWel) and reliability cannot be considered analogous to the engines one, although generally, it has been demonstrated. On the other hand, the great advantage granted by micro gas turbines consists in the very low level of pollutant emissions, resulting about one order of magnitude lower than those of reciprocating engines (e.g. CO and NOx emissions are lower than 100 ppm @ 15% O2) Besides it has to be taken into consideration that all waste heat usable for cogenerative purposes is contained in the medium-high temperature flue gases, while in internal combustion engines it is shared (averagely in equal measure) between high- temperature gases and low-temperature water: in practical cases this could be a constraint regarding adoption of one solution rather than the other. Anyway, apart from this point, the solution represented by internal combustion engines is more frequently adopted, except from specific cases of particularly strict 74 Electrical efficiency [%]PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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