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Chapter 2 Small-scale power plants The main limitation of this technology lies in the achievable low turbine inlet temperature. In fact this value is related to the heat exchanger’s thermal characteristics (now not being a simple recuperator anymore) and the currently used classic metallic devices normally withstands a 800°C working temperature on the hot gas side, implying a turbine inlet temperature equal to about 700 ÷ 750°C. Higher temperatures, mandatory to reach good efficiencies, are achievable adopting superalloys or, above all, ceramic materials. Apart from high costs, there is a debate in literature concerning the actual applicability of this solution, mainly with respect to reliability and durability (see for instance [2.15] and [2.16]). Anyway, this is undoubtedly not a commercially proven technology. Similarly to what done in Figure 2.14 for micro gas turbines (that could be called Internally Fired Gas Turbines, IFGT, by analogy with EFGTs), the performance of externally fired gas turbines as a function of pressure ratio and maximum cycle temperature is shown in Figure 2.21 (results have been obtained in simulations performed adopting the same design parameters of the previous case). 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 Externally fired gas turbines - Electrical efficiency vs β - COT 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Pressure ratio COT = 1200°C COT = 1100°C COT = 1000°C COT = 900°C COT = 800°C COT = 700°C Figure 2.21 – Electrical efficiencies of EFGTs as a function of pressure ratio (β) and combustor outlet temperature (COT). 78 Electrical efficiency [%]PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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