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Chapter 2 Small-scale power plants exploitation of the mentioned geothermal energy, but also in the solar thermal energy field (especially coupled with parabolic concentrators) or in waste heat recovery (e.g. from exhaust gases exiting internal combustion engines, gas turbines, industrial furnaces, etc.). In this sense, the use of biomass, that is obviously burnt in a furnace, is not an optimum solution from an exergy point of view, because the hot valuable gases produced in the combustion are used to feed a power cycle that is thermodynamically quite poor; nevertheless there are other features, discussed below, that make this option interesting: this configuration will be considered hereinafter. Figure 2.23 shows a complete scheme of an organic Rankine cycle plant fed via biomass combustion. Figure 2.23 – Scheme of a biomass-fired ORC plant [2.18]. The combustion takes place in a furnace where heat is not directly transferred to the working fluid, but is absorbed by an intermediate thermal oil, typically at a temperature of 300°C. Higher values are not allowed because oil must remain at liquid phase: this limits the maximum cycle temperature even when a hotter heat source could be available. The oil is being sent to the ORC unit evaporator, where it releases heat to the working fluid, like in classic Rankine cycles. The latter evaporates, then flows through 81PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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