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Chapter 2 Small-scale power plants exceed 10°C and thus the fluid exiting the evaporator is almost in saturated conditions [2.19]. It is therefore advisable not to use wet fluids, but to adopt dry or isentropic ones. This distinction is being made based on the slope of the upper limit curve in the T-s (temperature-entropy) diagram, as shown in Figure 2.26. Figure 2.26 – Wet (left), isentropic (right) and dry (bottom) vapour saturation curves with the corresponding Rankine cycle [2.20]. In case of wet fluids, almost all the expansion occurs inside the two-phase region and, again, this must be avoided because of the damage which the condensate would produce on the expander. The preferable solution would be to adopt isentropic fluids, as the saturation curve fits very well the isentropic expansion line in the cycle, but the dry solution is suitable too, even because, since the fluid at the end of the expansion is still in superheated conditions, it lends itself to the adoption of regenerator that is simple a vapour-liquid heat exchanger, that yields an enhancement of the efficiency. In addition to this point, being relevant for the simulations of plant operation, the working fluid must have several other features to be suitable for use in an ORC plant: low 84PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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