PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 004
Table 1. Typical output from a 60-watt, 12-volt photovoltaic panel. Maximum Power 60 Watts Maximum Power Voltage 16.9 Volts Maximum Power Current 3.55 Amps Individual PV panels can be wired in series or parallel to obtain the required voltage or current needed to run the pump. The voltage output from panels wired in series is the sum of all the voltages from the panels. For example, the maximum voltage output from two of the 12-volt PV panels shown in Table 1 wired in series is 33.8 volts. Thus, a 24-volt DC pump requires a minimum of two, 12-volt panels wired in series. The current (amps) output from these same panels wired in series is equal to the current (amps) output from an individual panel, 3.55 amps. The voltage and current output from panels wired in parallel is the exact opposite of series-wired panels. For panels wired in parallel, the current (amps) output is the sum of all the currents (amps) from the panels and the voltage is equal to the voltage output from an individual panel. Solar (DC) Water Pumps The other major component of these systems is the pump. Solar water pumps are specially designed to use solar power efficiently. Conventional pumps require steady AC current that utility lines or generators supply. Solar pumps use DC current from batteries and/or PV panels. Also, they are designed to work effec- tively during low-light conditions, at reduced voltage, without stalling or overheating. Although a wide range of sizes are available, most pumps used in livestock-watering applications are low volume, yielding two to four gallons of water per minute. Low-volume pumping keeps the cost of the system down by using a minimum number of solar panels and using the entire daylight period to pump water or charge batteries. Some solar pumps are fully submersible, while others are not. The use of submersible pumps eliminates potential priming and freezing problems. Most solar water pumps are designed to use solar power most efficiently and operate on 12 to 36 volts DC. Many solar pumping systems use positive displacement pumps that seal water in cavities inside the pump and force it upward. Their design enables them to maintain their lift capacity all through the solar day at the slow, varying speeds that result from varying light conditions. Positive displacement pumps include piston and jack pumps, diaphragm, vane and screw pumps. Centrifugal-type pumps that impart energy to the water using a rotating impeller are typically used for low-lift or high-volume systems. Centrifugal pumps start gradually and their flow output increases with the amount of current. For this reason, they can be tied directly to the PV array without including a battery or controls. However, because their output drops off at reduced speeds, a good match between the pump and PV array is necessary to achieve efficient operation. Pumps, because of their mechanical nature, have certain well-defined operating properties. These properties vary between types of pumps, manufacturers and models. The amount of water that a solar pump- ing system will deliver over a given period of time (usually measured in gallons per minute (GPM) or gallons per hour (GPH)) depends upon the pressure against which the pump has to work. The system pressure is largely determined by the total vertical pumping distance (the vertical distance between the water source and the watering tank) referred to simply as elevation head. It is roughly equal to an increase of 1 PSI (Pound per Square Inch) for every 2.31 feet of elevation head. Simply put, as the vertical pumping distance increases, the amount of water pumped over a given period of time decreases. When system friction losses and discharge pressure requirements (if any) are added to elevation head, the total system head can be determined. Pump manufacturers publish information that describes how each pump will perform under varying operating conditions. The expected flow rates and minimum recommended solar panel sizes for a typical 24-volt, positive-displacement, diaphragm-type submersible pump are shown in Table 2. The choice of pump depends on water volume needed, efficiency, price and reliability. 4 LivestockPDF Image | Solar-Powered Livestock Watering Systems
PDF Search Title:
Solar-Powered Livestock Watering SystemsOriginal File Name Searched:
pb1640.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |