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Selecting a Solar-Powered Water Pumping System Cost Cost is a factor that must be considered when selecting a solar pumping system. Total cost depends on many factors, such as the type of system (direct-coupled or battery-coupled), daily water requirements, pressure the pump must work against to supply the required water flow, complexity of the water delivery system, etc. For example, low-volume solar pumping systems keep costs down, when compared to higher- output solar pumping systems, by using a minimum number of solar panels and by using the entire daylight period to charge batteries or pump water. Producers who participate in cost-sharing programs offered by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Tennessee Department of Agriculture can greatly reduce their portion of the system cost. Livestock Water Requirements The daily livestock water requirement is one of the key factors in the design of the solar water pumping system. Size of the herd, pregnancy, lactation, animal weight, type of feed, physical activity and time of year all have to be considered when determining the minimum volume of water the solar pumping system must supply each day. The daily water intake by various types of beef cattle for each month of the year, shown in Table 3, gives a good estimate of the daily water needs that must be met by the solar pumping system. For example, an average cow/calf operation in Tennessee may need to water 30 cows and one bull year round. If the cows have nursing calves from February through June and the calves are sold in October for finishing, the pumping system must be designed to supply a maximum of roughly 740 gallons per day during July, the hottest month of the year (Table 3.) Sizing the System Many reputable solar equipment dealers (Appendix A) provide technical assistance free of charge. The dealer will combine the information you provide about your water requirements and livestock operation with the information on solar energy available in your area, and help you select the solar pumping system that best fits your livestock watering needs and budget. The type of information you will need to supply to the vendor to have your system designed or to solicit a price quote includes: • The maximum number of gallons of water needed daily for each month of the year. • Description of water source. • Total vertical distance that water is to be pumped, as measured from the lowest level from the water source to the highest level of the watering tank, including the pipe outlet. • Quality of water. Is it clear, silty, high in mineral content or does it contain a lot of algae growth? • Solar access: Is unobstructed sunlight available near the water source? If not, how far away? • Information on any water-pumping equipment, distribution system and storage capacity presently being used. • A sketch of how you want to lay out your watering system. Include the distances from the solar panels to the pump and from the pump to the watering tank(s). 8 WaterPDF Image | Solar-Powered Livestock Watering Systems
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