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Mohammed A. Al-Weshahi et al Working fluid selection of low grade heat geothermal Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Table 2: Comparison between model results and existing unit data (Al-Weshahi, M. A et al, 2014) Parameter Gross power Net power Pump power consumption ORC efficiency Cooling water flow Refrigerant flow Evaporator outlet temperature Evaporator heat transfer Condenser heat transfer Evaporator heat conductance Condenser heat conductance Evaporator effectiveness Condenser effectiveness Evaporator NTU Condenser NTU Existing unit kW 250 kW 210 kW 40.0 % 8.20 kg/s 101 kg/s 12.2 °C 54.4 kW 2580 kW 2360 kW/K - kW/K - % - % - - - - - Model result 250 209 40.7 8.04 97.7 12.5 54.7 2602 2297 98.0 594 82 30 1.71 1.45 Difference | | 0.0 0.47 1.8 2.0 3.3 2.5 0.55 0.85 2.7 - - - - - - Table 3: Studied refrigerant properties (Wang, E. H et al 2012; Bitzer International; BOC GASES; ASHRAE, 2009; http://webbook.nist.gov) Refrigerant 1 R123 2 R124 3 R125 4 R134a 5 R141b 6 R142b 7 R143a 8 R152a 9 R227ea 10 R236ea 11 R236fa 12 R245ca 13 R245fa 14 R407A* 15 R407B 16 R407C 17 R407D 18 R407E 19 R410A 20 R411A 21 R411B 22 R501 23 R600 24 R600a 25 R717 Chemical class HCFC HCFC HFC HCF HCFC HCFC HCF HCF HCF HCF HCF HCF HCF Mixture Mixture Mixture Mixture Mixture Mixture Mixture Mixture Mixture HC HC inorganic Physical properties Safety Environmental properties a class Atmospheric life ODP b Tbp (oC) 27 -12 -79 -26 32 -10 -47 -25 -16 6.2 -1.4 25 15 -46 -48 -44 -39 n.a -52 -40 -42 -41 0.0 -12 -33 Tc (1o8C4) 122 66.0 101 204 137 72.7 113 103 139 124 174 154 83 76 87 91 n.a 72.0 99.1 96.0 96.2 152 135 132 Pc (bar) 36.6 36.2 36.2 40.6 42.1 40.6 37.6 45.2 30.0 35.0 32.0 39.3 36.4 45.2 40.8 46 45 n.a 49.0 49.5 49.5 47.6 38.0 36.3 113 B1 t1im.3e A1 5.8 A1 29 A1 14 n.a 9.3 A2 17.9 A2 52 A2 1.4 A1 34.2 n.a 8 A1 240 n.a 6.2 B1 7.6 A1 c A1 c A1 c A1 c A1 c A1 c A2 c A2 c A1 c A3 0.018 A3 0.019 B2 0.01 0.02 0.022 0 0 0.11 0.065 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.044 0.047 n.a 0 0 0 GWP (71700yr) 609 3500 1430 725 2310 4470 124 3220 1200 9810 693 1030 2100 2800 1800 1600 1600 2100 1600 1700 n.a ≈20 ≈20 ˂1 a: ODP: Ozone depletion potential relative to R11 b: GWP: Global Warming Potential relative to CO2 c: Atmospheric life times are not given for mixtures since the components separate in the atmosphere (Calm, J. M and Domanski, P. A, 2004) *: Mixtures composition illustrated in appendix A. 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Refrigerant Fig. 3: ORC net power of the 25 refrigerants studied. 9 | International Journal of Thermal Technologies, Vol.4, No.1 (March 2014) R123 R124 R125 R134a R141b R142b R143a R152a R227ea R236ea R236fa R245ca R245fa R407A R407B R407C R407D R407E R410A R411A R411B R501 R600 R600a R717 Net Power (kW)PDF Image | Working fluid selection of low grade heat geothermal Organic Rankine Cycle
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