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INTRODUCTION This report was prepared for the United States Department of Energy Industrial Technologies Program (DOE-ITP), part of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable energy (DOE-EERE), by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). The purpose of this work was to quantify the amount of energy available from U.S. industrial emissions and to analyze the opportunities for recovering this energy. This study is in keeping with DOE-ITP’s mission, which is to improve the energy intensity of the U.S. industrial sector through research, development, validation, and dissemination of energy-efficient technologies and operating practices [33]. The U.S. industrial complex and related energy consumption supports a multi-trillion dollar contribution to the gross domestic product and provides millions of jobs each year. Part of this contribution can be attributed to the massive amount of energy industry consumes. For example, in 2003, U.S. industry used 32.5 Quads of energy (34,300 PJ)— representing 33.1% of the United States’ total energy consumed that year [5]. Industry’s manufacturing processes, as well as its related energy consumption, yield waste products in two forms of emissions: chemical and thermal. These emissions have residual energy value that is not normally recovered. Due to the sheer volume of these waste products, reusing them would provide a significant opportunity to improve the energy efficiency of the industrial complex and significantly affect the total amount of energy consumed in the United States. This study surveyed available literature and quantified the amount of residual energy available from 124 prominent industrial sectors: Aluminum, Chemicals, Glass, Petroleum, Steel, Landfill, Mining, Forest Products, Metal Casting, Agriculture, and Semi-conductors. It separates each industry’s waste products into two distinct types of emissions: 1) chemical emissions with residual energy fuel-value content from industrial processes and from on-site fuel combustion (used to generate energy for these processes) and 2) thermal emissions in the form of waste heat from industrial processes and from on-site fuel combustion (used to generate energy for these processes). This report is organized into three topic areas. Chapter 1 provides a survey of the chemical emissions from industrial processes, focusing on characterizing the residual chemical fuel value in industrial emissions at standard temperature and pressure (STP). This analysis includes a survey of process-related emissions from an overall perspective followed by a series of analyses focused on the specific industries. Chapter 2 discusses the origin and quantity of thermal emissions waste heat energy available from industrial processes. Chapter 2 is largely a summary of the findings recently reported by Energetics Incorporated [34]. Chapter 3 outlines the opportunities, barriers, and pathways for new technologies that might be developed or deployed to successfully reclaim and convert the residual chemical fuel value and waste heat contained in industrial emissions back into usable energy. 1 INTRODUCTIONPDF Image | Analysis for Recovering Energy from Industrial Waste Heat
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