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1 SURVEY OF CHEMICAL EMISSIONS CO2 is emitted from most industries that consume energy. Figure 2 illustrates the share of CO2 emission from each industrial sector. Carbon dioxide emissions from industrial energy use as well as process emissions from cement manufacture were 494 MtC, accounting for 33% of total U.S. CO2 emissions. The largest CO2-producing sector was bulk chemicals (energy). Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Industrial Sector, 1997 Petrolium Refining, 10% Bulk Chemicals (Feedstock),5% Bulk Chemicals (Energy),16% Paper,4% Food,6% Mining,9% Steel,8% Cement,5% Aluminum,2% Glass,1% Metals-Based Durables,9% Other Manufacturing,14% Agriculture,4% Construction,7% Source: Worrell, E., and L. Price. “Policy scenarios for energy efficiency improvement in industry.” Energy Policy 29 (2001): 1223-1241. Figure 2. Carbon Dioxide Emissions in U.S. by Industrial Sector Table 2 lists the GHG emissions allocated to various economic sectors [1]. More than 30% of GHG emissions are electricity related, while about 20% of these emissions are industry-related. For the scope of this study, we are only interested in emissions with recoverable energy content. Because, in most cases, electricity used by the process plant is supplied by a remotely located utility, industry cannot capture these emissions for energy use. Therefore, for the purposes of this study, electricity-related emissions have been ignored. Table 3 presents the GHG emissions and electricity-related emissions for each economic sector. The percentage of GHG emissions from industry in Table 2 is 19%. This amount increases to 30% for the same year in Table 3 because this total includes electricity- related emissions. In 2001, electricity-related emissions from the chemical industry were 37% of total emissions, while electricity-related emissions across all sectors were only 33% of total emissions. Because 50% of all process-related industrial emissions are electricity related, generating electricity from process-related emissions will significantly lower total emissions. 5PDF Image | Analysis for Recovering Energy from Industrial Waste Heat
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