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1 SURVEY OF CHEMICAL EMISSIONS Table 6. Emissions of GHGs from Various Energy-Related Processes Energy-Related Process GHG Emissions (Gg) 1990 2001 4814758 5614853 955200 937600 1804600 2242400 Energy (PJ) 1990 2001 Fossil fuel combustion – all sectors Fossil fuel combustion – industrial Fossil fuel combustion – electricity generation Waste combustion Natural gas flaring Fossil fuel combustion – industrial Natural gas systems Coal mining Petroleum systems Fossil fuel combustion – industrial Fossil fuel combustion – industrial Fossil fuel combustion – industrial Source: Table 2-2, 2-16, 2-17 of [1]. CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CH4 CH4 CH4 CH4 CO NMVOCs N2O 11 12 0 0 Table 7 shows the contribution of various sectors to fuel-related GHG emissions in Tg CO2 equivalent. The cells with high contribution to GHG have been highlighted in bold, showing which industries and fuel types can be targeted for maximum reduction in GHG emissions. While some reduction can be achieved through energy capture, an alternative approach may be to use these gases (i.e., CO2) as feedstock to make useful products. Clearly, the emissions from Iron & Steel, Chemicals, Petroleum Refineries, and Paper sectors are significant. The total emissions excluding electricity is 1467 Tg CO2 equivalent. This table also shows which fuels within each sector contribute to different amounts of emissions. For example, liquefied petroleum gases (LPG), natural gas liquids (NGL) contribute to 62% of emissions from the Plastic Materials and Resins sector, while coal contributes to 59% of emissions from the Cements sector. This table gives a good idea of the impact of various sectors on GHG; however, it does not provide information on the energy available from these emissions. In order to get this value, data on emission of individual gases from each sector is necessary. Table 8 shows process-related emissions in Tg CO2 for year 2000 from various industries. Comparing the process-related emissions in this table with the total GHG emissions in Table 7 indicates that process-related emissions are only 18% of total GHG emissions from industry. This is highlighted in Table 9, which shows fuel-related and process-related emissions from various industrial sectors. In Table 9, the fuel-related GHG is 1419 Tg CO2 equivalent, while in Table 7 it is 1629 Tg CO2 equivalent. This is because some emissions from the chemical sector and some from the Nonmetallic Minerals Products sector were counted twice. The total fuel-related emissions excluding electricity in Table 9 was estimated by subtracting 150 Tg CO2 equivalent for electricity (using a number slightly less than 162 Tg CO2 equivalent from Table 9 due to the double counting mentioned above). It also shows that energy-related emissions due to on-site 8 14100 26900 5500 5200 107 116 5810 5588 4149 2893 1309 1011 6.0 6.4 323.5 311.2 231.0 161.1 991.8 696.2 150.3 152 72.9 56.3 10.03 7.04 9.1 9.2PDF Image | Analysis for Recovering Energy from Industrial Waste Heat
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