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1 SURVEY OF CHEMICAL EMISSIONS Table 29. Heat and Power Consumption by End Use Source: www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/iab/aluminum/index.html. The electricity intensity is 6.8 kWh per pound of aluminum produced. As shown in Table 29, about two thirds of total energy in the aluminum industry is consumed during the electrolytic reduction of alumina to aluminum. Alumina refining using natural gas (extraction from bauxite ore), corresponds to 10% of industry use, while scrap melting and anode production, which use equal amounts of both electricity and natural gas, each represent 5% of total energy use. Electricity is also used in power casting and rolling mills, as well as for heat, light and cooling [www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/iab/aluminum/index.html]. Table 30 estimates the residual energy content in the aluminum industry’s emissions. Emissions from the aluminum reduction process include HF, CO, CO2, VOCs, SO2, PFCs, CF4, and C2F6 (epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch12/final/c12501.pdf). Because there was insufficient data to develop a factor for CO, it was assumed that 20% of CO2 emissions originate from oxidation of emitted CO. The hydrocarbons and SO2 emissions from reduction cells have not been presented due to lack of data. SOx emissions originate from sulfur in anode coke and pitch. The concentration of SOx in VSS cell emissions range from 200-300 ppm. The concentration of uncontrolled SO2 emissions from anode baking furnaces ranges from 5-47 ppm. High molecular weight organics and other emissions from anode paste are released from HSS and VSS cells. A fluidized bed of alumina is used to adsorb fluorides, while a scrubber removes part of SO2 emissions. The U.S. annual production is 22 billion lbs (or 10 million tons) of primary aluminum (from bauxite) and secondary aluminum (from recycled metal). End Use % of Heat and Power Consumed Electrochemical processes 63% Process heating 23% Machine Drive 7% Non-process use 4% Other 3% 27PDF Image | Analysis for Recovering Energy from Industrial Waste Heat
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