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1 SURVEY OF CHEMICAL EMISSIONS Worrell [9] studied the energy use and intensity of the U.S. chemical industry. This study was the first one to provide a detailed break-up of energy use for various chemical products that consume a lot of energy. According to this study, the United States chemical industry contributes 11% of the U.S. industrial production and uses 20% (5141 TBtu) of the total industrial energy (26047 Tbtu or 26 Quads). The chemical industry contributes about 20% (77 MtC) of industry’s total CO2 emissions. Table 31 and Table 32 provide some other results from the Worrell study. Table 31. Primary Energy Use in the Chemical Industry (Electricity Plus Fuel, Excluding Feedstock) Table 32. Primary Energy Use for Some U.S. Chemical Subsectors in 1994 Chemicals SIC 28 Total manufacturing % Sector Primary Energy (TBtu) 5141 26047 20 CO2 Emissions (MtC) 77 398 19 Chemical Subsector Industrial organics, NEC* Industrial inorganics, NEC Plastics Materials and Resins Nitrogeneous fertilizers Alkalies and Cl2 Others Total SIC 2869 2819 2821 2873 2812 28 Energy (PJ) 1653 830 518 344 286 1146 5141 CO2 Emissions (MtC) 25 11 7 10 4 16 77 *Note: “NEC” stands for “not elsewhere classified.” Industrial organics, NEC, accounts for the largest share of energy use in the chemical sector. Some of the key energy-intensive products within this subsector are ethylene, propylene, butadiene, and methanol. Ethylene and its derivatives are feedstocks for many plastics and resins (SIC 2821). The United States produces 28% of the world’s ethylene. During ethylene production, hydro- carbon feedstocks (ethane, naphtha) are heated in pyrolysis furnaces, separated into gas products, then cooled/compressed. Methanol is produced by the reaction of CO and H2, with an energy intensity of 38 GJ/tonne, with most of this energy used for hydrogen production. Table 33 gives the energy consumption for key chemicals. For this study, it can be assumed that the emissions will be directly related to energy use. In order to get total emissions, we added the emissions from feedstock. 29PDF Image | Analysis for Recovering Energy from Industrial Waste Heat
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