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1 SURVEY OF CHEMICAL EMISSIONS Table 51. Fuel Savings for Energy-Efficient Technologies Applied to Secondary Steel Production in the U.S. Steelmaking Electric arc furnace - scrap pre-heating -0.7 Efficient ladle pre-heating 0.02 Thin slab casting 2.86 Process control in hot strip mall 0.26 Recuperative burners 0.61 Insulation of furnaces 0.14 Controlling oxygen levels on combustion air fans 0.29 Waste heat recovery from cooling water 0.03 Preventive maintenance 0.09 Energy monitoring and management system 0.02 Source: Table 5 of Worrell report [17]. Gielen and Moriguchi [18] analyzed emission reduction potential in the Japanese iron and steel industry. As expected, proper choice of fuel is expected to decrease emissions significantly. As published in their study and elsewhere [19], coke oven gas, a byproduct of the coking process, consists of CO. No numbers for CO emission were provided. CO is also produced in a Basic Oxygen furnace. Overall, there appears to be significant opportunity to capture energy from CO emissions in the iron and steel industry.22 Natural Gas Systems Natural gas systems in the United States emitted 5.8 Tg in 1990 and emitted 5.6 Tg of methane in 2001 (Table 52). Methane emission result in four stages – field production, processing, transmission & storage, and distribution. For each stage, fugitive emissions are the main reason for methane loss; therefore, capturing this energy can be difficult. Table 52. CH4 Emissions from Natural Gas Systems (Gg) [1] Secondary Casting Secondary Hot Rolling General Technologies Option Fuel Savings GJ/ton) Stage Gg PJ 1990 2001 1990 2001 Field Production 1445 1467 80.5 81.7 Processing 702 692 39.1 38.5 Transmissions & Storage 2223 1870 123.8 104.1 Distribution 1440 1559 80.2 86.8 Total 5810 5588 323.5 311.1 22 The potential energy content of this CO has not been included in the Executive Summary Table due to lack of data. 49PDF Image | Analysis for Recovering Energy from Industrial Waste Heat
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