Analysis for Recovering Energy from Industrial Waste Heat

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Analysis for Recovering Energy from Industrial Waste Heat ( analysis-recovering-energy-from-industrial-waste-heat )

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1 SURVEY OF CHEMICAL EMISSIONS Table 55. Summary of CH4 Emissions from Petroleum Systems (Gg) Activity 1990 1993 1997 2001 Production field operations 1277 1180 1090 978 Tank venting 558 486 409 345 Pneumatic device venting 525 507 495 460 Wellhead fugitives 26 24 25 22 Combustion & process upset 103 99 98 91 Misc. venting & fugitives 65 64 63 60 Crude Oil Transportation 7 6 6 5 Refining 25 25 27 27 Total 1309 1211 1123 1010 Source: Table H-5 of [1]. Table 56. Summary of Energy Content of CH4 Emissions from Petroleum Systems (PJ) Activity 1990 1993 1997 2001 Production field operations 71.11 65.71 60.70 54.46 Tank venting 31.07 27.06 22.77 19.21 Pneumatic device venting 29.23 28.23 27.56 25.61 Wellhead fugitives 1.45 1.34 1.39 1.23 Combustion & process upset 5.74 5.51 5.46 5.07 Misc. venting & fugitives 3.62 3.56 3.51 3.34 Crude Oil Transportation 0.39 0.33 0.33 0.28 Refining 1.39 1.39 1.50 1.50 Total 72.89 67.43 62.53 56.24 Source: Table H-5 of [1]. After unit conversion, there is a slight discrepancy between Table H-5 and Table H-1 in Reference 1. In H-1, the total CH4 emission from vented emissions was 979 Gg, corresponding to 54.5 PJ. In Table H-5, these numbers correspond to total values for production field operations. Either H-1 or H-5 appears to have a slight error. The chances are that this error is in H-5, which underestimates emissions from production field operations. Forest Products Industry There were 190 operating pulp mills and 598 operating paper and paperboard mills in the United States in 1996. About 58% of all paper/paperboard mills are located in the Northeast and the North central regions, close to final consumers. However, 56% of the paper/paperboard capacity and more than 70% of wood pulp capacity are located in the South Atlantic and South Central regions, close to the sources of fibers. Mills located in those regions are mostly large, integrated pulp and paper mills. More than 45% of all paper and paperboard and about 60% of all wood pulp are produced by mills with capacity over 450 tons per year (tpy). The average capacity of a U.S. paper/paperboard mill in 1995 was about 168 tpy. The average capacity of a wood pulp mill was about 330 tpy. 53

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