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1 SURVEY OF CHEMICAL EMISSIONS Table 57. Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions Coefficients, and Carbon Emissions from Energy Consumption in the U.S. Pulp and Paper Industry in 1994 Electricity (Purchased) 235.3 48.5 Other (biomass & steam) 1416.6 0.0 U.S. Energy Information Administration, “Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the U.S.” Washington: Government Printing Office. 1997 Note: References for this section: 1. Opportunities to Improve Energy Efficiency and Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the U.S. Pulp and Paper Industry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory-46141. July 2000. 2. Energy Cost Reduction in the Pulp and Paper Industry. Paprican. 1999. 3. Fapet Oy, Jyvaskyla. Economics of the Pulp and Paper Industry. Finland, 1998. Retrieved from http://ifcln1.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/gui_pulp_WB/$FILE/pulp_PPAH.pdf Mining/Metal Processing Industry The U.S. mining industries, which ran at peak performance following WWII, began a long-term decline starting in the 1960s. Today, the nation imports a major share of its industrial metals from foreign mines and smelters. Over half of metals, such as tin, tungsten, platinum, cobalt, chromium, zinc, and nickel, now come from foreign sources. Still, the U.S. minerals industry remains prosperous. In 1997, processed materials from the U.S. mining industries was valued at $413 billion and the value of raw non-fuel mineral production was estimated at $39.5 billion. Non-fuel minerals in the United States are obtained by mining mineral reserves, importing mineral ores, or reclaiming minerals from secondary markets. Table 58 identifies several of the most common minerals consumed in the United States. In terms of production, the U.S. share of the world market for most metals has been declining over the past several decades. Still, the United States remains the western world’s largest producer of refined aluminum, copper, and lead. Table 59 shows the United States’ and the world’s production of the most common, large-volume, non-fuel minerals. Fuel Energy Use (PJ) Carbon Emissions Coefficient (ktC/PJ) Carbon Emissions (MtC) 11.4 Residual Fuel Oil 182.5 20.4 3.7 Distillate Fuel Oil 9.5 18.9 0.2 Natural Gas LPG Coal 605.6 13.7 8.3 5.3 16.1 0.1 323.9 24.3 7.7 0.0 Total Energy 2,779 N/A 31.5 56PDF Image | Analysis for Recovering Energy from Industrial Waste Heat
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