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3 OPPORTUNITIES-BARRIERS-PATHWAYS FOR RECOVERY technologies would include both high-efficiency and low-cost devices. The pathways would include developing technologies to mitigate waste heat and emissions through better materials and process technologies. Figure 4 presents a consolidated view of the opportunities, barriers, and pathways associated with recovering energy from the chemical and thermal emissions from U.S. industry. Opportunities •~10 Quads of energy emitted as waste heat from U.S. Industries ~1.4 Quads of energy emitted with residual, chemical fuel value from industrial process emissions (w/o Landfill) Barriers •Economical methods to recover energy from waste heat and emissions •Emissions and waste heat is distributed •Recovery device efficiency is critical •Awareness of the opportunities in industry Pathways •RD&D of economical energy recovery systems •High -efficiency, low - cost devices to recover waste heat •High -efficiency, low - cost devices to recover energy from industrial emissions •Develop Materials and technology to mitigate waste heat energy loss (refractory and insulation) •Education regarding opportunities to industry Figure 4. Opportunities, Barriers, and Pathways Associated with Recovering Fuel from Chemical and Thermal Emissions from U.S. Industry Potential Recovery Technologies for Chemical Emissions Conventional technologies for recovering energy from chemical emissions, such as combustion processes and fuel cells, are under further development to make them more cost-effective. However, chemical emissions are diverse in their origin and complex in their chemical composition. This complexity will likely pose challenges to the recovery of the energy content in these emissions. The most conventional way to recover chemical emissions is through combustion processes that generate process heating or steam for turbine-based generation of electricity. This class of devices may include microturbine generators and similar distributed electricity generation devices. This is conventional technology, and may be the most robust and available means to recover energy. However, these technologies are capital intensive and require the addition of complex infrastructure to industrial facilities that are constantly striving to eliminate complexity and increase reliability. Efficient combustion also requires careful control of the fuel feedstock, which may be difficult using a chemical waste stream. 68PDF Image | Analysis for Recovering Energy from Industrial Waste Heat
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