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turbine stages does not exceed 0.7. During the present analysis the stage reaction did not exceed 0.5 (see Fig. 5), i.e. it also took typical values [12]. The rotational speed obtained in the analysis depended on the type of medium and was equal to 3000 and 6000 rpm for most media, while for Trifluoroiodomethane and Ammonia it was equal to 15000 and 16000 rpm, respectively (see Fig. 6). All these values are acceptable for technical realisation. In most cases full supply arc was reached, only for Trifluoroiodomethane it did not exceed 5 % (see Table 2). Reduction of the supply arc dimension increases remarkably the ventilation loss and decreases the internal stage work. This result, combined with slightly lower efficiency eliminates the above medium as a working medium. The turbine was designed in such a way as to obtain the length of the blades not smaller than 10 mm and the D/L ratio not lower than 4 (see Fig. 7 and Fig. 8). This condition was met for the reported media. The selected design parameters should have secured not exceeding 1 by the Mach number at stator and rotor exits. This condition was also met, and in each case subsonic stages were obtained (see Fig. 9 and Fig. 10). The performed analysis has proved that a highly efficient single- stage axial turbine can be designed for most of the examined media (excluding Trifluoroiodomethane). However, it seems that very low pressure (high negative pressure) eliminates water, acetone and methanol. In this situation, the media which looks most favourable from the technical point of view are R114, R245fa and Ammonia. Here, other criteria are to be taken into account, including toxicity of the medium (safety in case of leakage) and its effect on the environment. A detailed and realistic economic analysis is also to be performed. Final selection of a relevant medium will be a compromise between the advantages and disadvantages of this medium. Fig. 6. Single-stage turbine rotational speed for the examined media Tab. 2. Comparison of calculated results for closed OTEC power plant with turbine design parameters; where: Nefekt_ORC-effective power of the cycle; ηpar-cycle efficiency; ηcarnot-Carnot cycle efficiency; p0-medium vapour pressure at turbine inlet; m0pary-medium vapour mass flow rate; HS-isentropic enthalpy drop in the turbine; ν-velocity coefficient; ρ-stage reaction; Mac1-Mach number at stage stator exit; ε-supply arc dimension; n-rotational speed; Dsr-mean stage diameter; lk-stator blade length; D/l-mean diameter-to-blade length ratio; Maw2-Mach number at stage rotor exit Parameter Nefekt_ORC ηpar ηcarnot p0 m0pary Hs ν ρ Mac1 ε n Dsr lk D/l Maw2 Medium/ Unit [kW] [-] [-] [MPa] [kg/s] [kJ/kg] [-] [-] [-] [-] [rpm] [m] [m] [-] [-] Water 49.29 0.0289 0.0368 0.0033 0.686 89.81 0.52 0.25 0.24 1 3000 1.403 0.126 11.1 0.17 Acetone 49.83 0.0285 0.0368 0.0319 3.141 19.89 0.55 0.30 0.75 1 3000 0.698 0.081 8.6 0.56 Methanol 49.43 0.0288 0.0368 0.0178 1.436 43.08 0.55 0.28 0.21 1 3000 1.028 0.059 17.4 0.15 Isobutane 48.53 0.0273 0.0368 0.3600 5.105 12.62 0.57 0.34 0.61 1 6000 0.288 0.041 7.0 0.47 Dimethyl ether 47.90 0.0268 0.0368 0.6057 4.198 15.29 0.50 0.22 0.64 1 6000 0.278 0.022 12.7 0.42 R114 49.39 0.0280 0.0368 0.2207 13.108 4.89 0.60 0.45 0.59 1 3000 0.378 0.027 14.2 0.59 R227ea 47.98 0.0267 0.0368 0.4674 15.070 4.37 0.60 0.45 0.59 1 3000 0.357 0.015 23.8 0.59 R245fa 49.92 0.0281 0.0368 0.1533 8.830 7.22 0.60 0.45 0.62 1 3000 0.459 0.023 20.0 0.63 Trifluoroiodo- methane 47.67 0.0266 0.0368 0.5046 18.487 3.48 0.50 0.33 0.14 0.045 15000 0.053 0.010 5.4 0.11 R124 48.58 0.0271 0.0368 0.3934 11.472 5.64 0.50 0.26 0.67 1 3000 0.338 0.034 10.1 0.47 R1234ze 47.99 0.0267 0.0368 0.5123 10.086 6.46 0.50 0.21 0.68 1 3000 0.362 0.027 13.3 0.44 Ammonia 48.34 0.0276 0.0368 1.0313 1.443 43.80 0.50 0.22 0.62 1 16000 0.177 0.011 15.8 0.12 52 POLISH MARITIME RESEARCH, No 2/2013 Unauthenticated Download Date | 1/11/15 7:38 PMPDF Image | Design analysis of ORC micro-turbines making use of thermal energy
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