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RESULTS OF CALCULATIONS FOR ARCTIC OTEC CYCLE AND THEIR EVALUATION For this cycle a system was proposed which makes use of temperature difference between the frosty arctic air and the non- frozen oceanic water, which eliminates the use of long pipes for its collection. In the cycle shown in Fig. 11 a condenser cooled with frosty air was applied. Other media revealing low freezing temperature, aqueous solution of calcium chloride for instance, can also be applied [1]. The temperatures of the media assumed in arctic OTEC cycle calculations are shown in Fig. 11. The mass flow rate of the non-frozen water which was used for generating medium vapour in the vapour generator was assumed equal to 100 kg/s. In this case also several tens of media were analysed and, like previously, between ten and twenty media were selected as those which secure high cycle efficiency and technical realisability. Below are presented results of the analysis referring to the selected media, which were: Trifluoroiodomethane, Dimethyl ether, CO2, R23, R13, R218, Sulfur hexafluoride, R116, R245fa, R143a, Ethane, R124, R1234ze and Ammonia. Like in previous case, for each medium the turbine inlet pressure was optimised in such a way that maximum shaft power was obtained for this pressure and the design of the heat exchanger was technically realisable. Approximately, from 30 to 80 kW of the turbine shaft power can be produced from the assumed mass flow rate of the warm water (see Fig. 12). In the examined arctic variant the obtained power levels differed much between each other. The largest power was produced using Trifluoroiodomethane, Dimethyl ether, and Ammonia as working medium. As for the cycle efficiency, the above list of three media was complemented by R218, R245fa, R124 and R1234ze, for which the recorded efficiency exceeded 6 % (see Tab. 3). In the next step, optimisation of the design parameters for a single-stage axial microturbine was carried out. The list of optimised parameters included: velocity coefficient, reaction, rotational speed, and supply arc dimension. An attempt was made to keep the ratio of the effective diameter to the rotor blade length larger than 4. A parameter which was also assessed and taken into account in the optimisation was the Mach number. Table 3 presents a collection of optimal parameters for the single-stage axial turbine. The velocity coefficient selected for the analysed media ranged up to 0.7 (see Fig. 13). The stage reaction did not exceed 0.5 (see Fig. 14). During the analyses different rotational speeds Fig. 10. Relative Mach number behind single-stage turbine rotor 54 POLISH MARITIME RESEARCH, No 2/2013 Unauthenticated Download Date | 1/11/15 7:38 PM Fig. 11. Scheme of closed OTEC cycle in arctic versionPDF Image | Design analysis of ORC micro-turbines making use of thermal energy
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