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Chapter 1 Introduction Fossil fuels have been used by humans for thousands of years. In China, in about 500 B.C., people burned natural gas transporting it with bamboo straws. American Indians used petroleum as paint and medicines. Coal has been burned as a source of thermal energy for hundreds of years to melt metals and make weapons and tools [12]. However, the com- mercialization of petroleum began in 1872, which created the fossil fuel industry and brought large economic and technological growth with the industrialization of electric energy gener- ation in the second industrial revolution [13]. Nowadays, electricity has become part of the daily life and it is one of the primary needs of society required to maintain and improve its well being. Although fossil fuels have been suitable companions to human development, their disad- vantages have become more evident with their increasing consumption. Global warming, air pollution, acid precipitation, ozone depletion and forest destruction, which are side effects produced by the energy generation from fossil fuels, are driving forces that promote the re- search of alternative and cleaner energy conversion technologies [14]. Furthermore, fossil fuels are nonrenewable, which means that they are going to be completely exhausted in the future. For this reason, time and effort should be invested to search for alternative solutions to satisfy the energy demand. Next-generation thermodynamic cycles for energy conversion systems are powerful alternatives which could reduce the environmental impacts and whose feasibility is a matter of continuous research. 1-1 The supercritical Brayton cycle Next-generation thermal energy conversion systems use thermodynamic cycles with processes that occur either entirely above the critical point (supercritical), or that allow the thermo- dynamic states to be also below the critical point (transcritical). Examples of these cycles are the supercritical organic Rankine cycle, the transcritical condensation cycle and the su- percritical Brayton cycle [15]. As described in more detail in this section, the systems based Master of Science Thesis J.S. Bahamonde NoriegaPDF Image | Design method for s-CO2 gas turbine power plants
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