Design method for s-CO2 gas turbine power plants

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Design method for s-CO2 gas turbine power plants ( design-method-s-co2-gas-turbine-power-plants )

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2 Introduction on these concepts present several attractive characteristics. For example, the possibility of using external heat sources like solar radiation, biomass or nuclear fuel, the capability of using low to medium-temperature waste heat from other production processes, and potential low operational and investment costs [15]. One of the most promising options is the supercritical CO2 (s-CO2) Brayton cycle. The studies about its application for power generation systems have their oldest reference in 1948, when Sulzer Ltd. patented a partial condensation s-CO2 Brayton energy generator [16]. In the United States, Feher [1] proposed the first s-CO2 design in 1968 (the Feher cycle), in which all the processes take place above the critical pressure and the compression occurs completely in the liquid phase. In the same year Angelino [17] performed an extensive analysis of transcritical CO2 power systems. These cycles include CO2 condensation with temperatures and pressures below the critical point. Angelino considers several system configurations with additional compressors and heat exchangers to reduce the internal irreversibilities of the thermodynamic cycles. The s-CO2 cycles immediately raised interest and the investigation of these systems started in many countries [16] (Feher in the United states, Angelino in Italy and Sulzer Ltd. in Switzerland are examples). The Feher cycle T-s diagram is shown in Figure 1-1. The processes taking place are: • pumping (a-b), • cold side regeneration (b-c), • heat addition (c-d), • expansion (d-e), • hot side regeneration (e-f) and • heat rejection (f-a). Notice that the processes in this power cycle operate always above the critical pressure. However, the pumping works entirely below the critical temperature with the working fluid in the liquid phase. Similarly, the re- generation process operates with condensa- tion in its hot side and evaporation in its cold side. While these kind of cycles can work with many suitable fluids, the first choice of Feher is CO2 due to some advantages over other fluids: • its critical pressure is one third of that of water, which allows for a lower op- eration pressure, • it is stable and inert at the tempera- tures of interest, and • it is abundant, non-toxic and relatively inexepensive. Figure 1-1: Feher cycle T-s diagram [1] (not in scale). Additionally, he shows that these kind of systems are promising alternatives for power gener- ation since they avoid several disadvantages of the conventional Rankine and Brayton power J.S. Bahamonde Noriega Master of Science Thesis

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