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1-1 The supercritical Brayton cycle 3 systems, nevertheless combining many of their benefits: • high thermal efficiency at moderate temperatures due to the small compression work and large renegeration power, • high power densities that are consequence of the high density of the working fluid under supercritical pressures, leading to smaller equipment, • low pressure ratio which reduces the number of stages in the turbine, • compression, expansion, and heat rejection of the working fluid under single phase, which reduces the complexity of the system, and • insensitivity to compression efficiency due to its small specific work compared to the one of the turbine. The supercritical Brayton cycle with CO2 as the working fluid maintains the advantages of the Feher cycle and adds two additional benefits. First, all the operating conditions remain above the critical temperature, which leads to single state operation that avoids the complexity of fluid condensation and evaporation in the regeneration processes. Second, the critical temperature of CO2 (30.98◦C) allows the use of air at lower temperatures instead of water as the sink for the heat rejection process, reducing the environmental impact. A diagram for the simple regenerative Brayton system is shown in Figure 1-2. The cycle is composed by the same processes as the Feher cycle with the compression taking place above the critical temperature. 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 −100 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 s [kJ/kgK] Cycle Pressure Density Enthalpy 2 TWO-PHASE REGION 3 6 3.5 4 5 Figure 1-2: Supercritical regenerative Brayton power system. Process flow diagram and T-s dia- gram (for operating conditions of the T-s diagram refer to Figure 2-11). Even though the interest in the CO2 power cycles arose in the research community decades ago, these systems were not developed to commercial scale mainly due to insufficient turboma- chinery experience, lack of suitable heat exchangers and lack of appropriate heat sources [16]. It is in the last years that both supercritical and transcritical CO2 power generation sys- tems have become again a matter of raising interest and research. This new age of s-CO2 investigation starts with the works of Petr et al. [18,19] in the Czech Republic and reached its definitive breakthrough in the United States with the studies of Dostal et al. [16,20,21], which are oriented towards nuclear applications. Nowadays the investigation of these sys- Master of Science Thesis J.S. Bahamonde Noriega T [◦C]PDF Image | Design method for s-CO2 gas turbine power plants
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