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76 Integrated system design 4-2 Solar tower power plant Nowadays, converting the solar energy into heat is the most common and well-developed so- lar conversion technology [75]. It is done by means of Concentrated Solar Power technologies (CSP). These systems transfer the thermal energy to a thermal power cycle for the genera- tion of electricity. Two different configurations of CSP systems have been developed up to commercial scales, the parabolic through and the solar tower systems. While the first one has a working temperature between 150 and 350◦C, the solar power works typically between 500 and 1000◦C, depending on the primary heat transfer fluid and the type of power cycle [75]. The high pressure associated with s-CO2 power cycles makes the application to parabolic through systems difficult. Previous studies lead to the conclusion that solar powers tower may be more suitable for this working fluid [31]. Although the high pressures are a challenge for the solar tower as well, there are modular options which are currently being studied in order to decrease the load and complexity per tower. Solar tower systems consists in a complex of sun tracking mirrors (heliostats) which reflect the solar irradiation and concentrate it into a receiver. This last device is the one that converts irradiation into thermal energy. A schematic diagram of the whole system is presented in Figure 4-9. Figure 4-9: Solar tower power complex. The power block is composed by the turbomachinery and the heat exchangers. The proposed design is based on the works of Turchi et al. [31]. The figure presents the connection between the solar tower and the power block, the last one constituted by the turbomachinery, the regenerators and the cooler. The s-CO2 is used as both heat transfer and gas power fluid. The advantages of such design are simpler and compact machinery needed for s-CO2 applications, with smaller weight and volume, that may lead to lower installation and maintenance costs. Additional advantages are related to the properties of the s-CO2 itself. Current CSP plants use oil, steam, or molten salts to transfer the energy to the power block. These fluids present several difficulties that could be overcome with s-CO2. While the synthetic oil has an upper temperature limit of 400◦C, the steam generation requires complex control and its storage capacity is limited. The molten salts can work until temperatures of 600◦C and they have practically no vapor pressure. However, they freeze at 100◦C, requiring complex freeze control systems [32]. The s-CO2 Brayton cycle offers the advantages of single phase J.S. Bahamonde Noriega Master of Science ThesisPDF Image | Design method for s-CO2 gas turbine power plants
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