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600m in depth. These wells all terminate within the Sante Fe Group and serve as the water supply for the city of Albuquerque. The deeper oil and gas wells commonly penetrate the Mesozoic-aged formations and a few go as deep the Precambrian basement rocks. The bottom- hole temperatures for these oil and gas wells range from 130 oC to almost 200 oC (Johnson et al., 2001). The well depths for these oil and gas wells range from 2000 to 5000m. 2.5.2 Depth and Volume of the Reservoir: The depth to the reservoir and the volume of the reservoir go hand in hand for site selection after an appropriate temperature has been found. Current thought is that an appropriate depth range for a viable geothermal resource should be on the order of 3 to 5km in depth (MIT Report 2006; Blackwell and Richards, 2004). Conventional thought is that the reservoir thickness should be greater than the spacing of the wells (Ellsworth Per. Comm. 2011). While there are several target sedimentary formations within the basin that may yield suitable temperatures, they are not thick enough and will likely react with the carbon dioxide that is the proposed working fluid for this project. For this reason the Precambrian basement rocks will be the target formation for the EGS system. To get to this resource the site will need to be located away from the center of the basin where the depth to the Precambrian basement rocks is prohibitively deep (Figure 8) [While this figure does not show the true depth to the Precambrian basement rocks it does show the thicknesses of the Tertiary rocks. The Mesozoic and Paleozoic rocks are more uniform in thickness across the basin therefore relative depths can be inferred.] Following the recommendations from the MIT report (2006), a site will be chosen that will allow for 1 to 2 km of penetration into the Precambrian basement for reservoir development of the EGS for a total well depth of approximately 5 km. 2.5.3 Permeability of the Reservoir: In enhanced geothermal systems there has to be sufficient permeability to allow for economic quantities of fluids to recovered and injected into the reservoir to maintain the resource (MIT Report, 2006). Typically initial porosities and permeabilities are very low in crystalline basement rocks but substantial fracture permeability may exist if the fractures are under tensional stresses. In the case of the Albuquerque Basin a site can be selected that can take advantage of an existing local network of fractures and faults. It will more than likely be necessary to stimulate the fractures to insure adequate fracture connectivity within the reservoir. Care will need to be taken to limit the possibility of connecting to the more regional network of fractures that will allow the injected fluids to migrate out of the reservoir and adversely impact the surrounding environment. This can be accomplished by staying within the half-graben fault blocks that are currently thought to exist on the Albuquerque Bench near Transocean Isleta-1 exploratory well or through optimized positioning of injection and production wells. Penn State University | 2.5 Geothermal Resources: 14PDF Image | GREAT NECK WATER POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT NASSAU COUNTY, NEW YORK MICROTURBINE INSTALLATION FEASIBILITY STUDY
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