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2.6.1 Moment Magnitude Energy release from fractures is most conveniently represented as a Moment Magnitude (Aki, 1967; Kanamori, 1977; Keylis-Borok, 1959). The moment magnitude relation is defined as (Purcaru and Berckemer, 1978): where, M0 = seismic moment MS = moment magnitude. logM0 1.5Ms 9.1 2.2 In this model M0 is seismic energy which is derived from the elastic energy released by shear on pre-existing fractures. This relation allows us to determine both the spatial and temporal evolution of moment magnitude in EGS reservoirs for the ensemble arrangement of large fractures (200-900m). First we consider a large single fracture. The moment magnitude for large- and small- spaced fractures (~1-500m) within the reservoir for a spectrum of crack sizes (1m-900m) is calculated. Comparing the effects of the small and large spaced fractures - significant changes of moment-magnitude occurs for the larger cracks (>200m). Also we note that the early moment is higher for closely-spaced fractures, because shear stress reaches the peak strength earlier and stress drop is greater. In closely-spaced fractures, shear stress builds up and fails earlier in time compared to larger fractures. We initially consider the specific times at which seismic activity occurs as a function potential and total energy. This is then implemented within the THMC simulator to describe the seismic behavior within the reservoir in both the short and long term. The THMC simulator is run to enable the evolution of effective stresses to be determined as a result of HM, TM and CM effects. The model is seeded with fractures and the timing of failure and the strain energy release evaluated. This is then used to show the evolution of seismicity with reservoir development. The distribution of moment magnitudes with time, due to combined thermal, mechanical and chemical effects for a reservoir seeded with 200m fractures is illustrated in Figure 9:. This outcome indicates that the potential energy within the reservoir containing fracture networks is released with time and goes far from injection. In this simulation we defined 36 zones and in each zone there are 360 fractures with 200m length and 100m spacing and also based on observation, by comparison between the various fracture spacings we can conclude that smaller Penn State University | 2.6 Evolution of Energy Release and Moment Magnitude in EGS Reservoirs 17PDF Image | GREAT NECK WATER POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT NASSAU COUNTY, NEW YORK MICROTURBINE INSTALLATION FEASIBILITY STUDY
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