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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Circulated EGS Combined with IGCC in New Mexico extract the heat energy of the rock by a working fluid, which in our case is CO2. The fluid is circulated along an artificial fracture between two wells. Conventional geothermal technology entails the production of useful energy from natural sources of steam or, much more commonly, hot water (Tester et al., 2006). These hydrothermal resources are found in a number of locations around the world, but they are the exception rather than the rule. In most places, the earth grows hotter with increasing depth, but mobile water is absent. The vast majority of the world‘s accessible geothermal energy is found in rock that is hot but essentially dry -- the so-called hot dry rock (HDR) resource. The total amount of heat contained in HDR at accessible depths has been estimated to be on the order of 10 billion quads. This is about 800 times greater than the estimated energy content of all hydrothermal resources and 300 times greater than the fossil fuel resource base that includes all petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Like hydrothermal energy resources already being commercially extracted, HDR holds the promise for being an environmentally clean energy resource. EGS concepts would recover thermal energy contained in subsurface rocks by creating or accessing a system of open, connected fractures through which water can be circulated down injection wells, heated by contact with the rocks, and returned to the surface in production wells to form a closed loop (Figure 11). A pilot project was conducted at Fenton hill, New Mexico by Los Alamos National Laboratory between 1970 and 1995 (Duchane et al., 1995). The objective of the project was to develop a heat-extraction system in a high-temperature-gradient area with a large volume of uniform, low-permeability, crystalline basement rock on the margin of a hydrothermal system in the Valles Caldera region of New Mexico. 3.1.2 Advantages of using CO2 as a working fluid Responding to the need to reduce atmospheric emissions of CO2, Brown et al. (2000) suggested an EGS concept of utilizing supercritical CO2 instead of water as a heat transmission fluid. Brown noted certain physical and chemical properties of CO2 would be advantageous in its operation of an EGS. The following are certain advantages that were proposed (Pruess, 2006; Atrens et. al, 2009): Figure 11: Schematic of a conceptual two-well Enhanced Geothermal System in hot rock in a low-permeability crystalline basement formation (Duchane et al., 1995) Penn State University | 3.1 Introduction 22PDF Image | GREAT NECK WATER POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT NASSAU COUNTY, NEW YORK MICROTURBINE INSTALLATION FEASIBILITY STUDY
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