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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Circulated EGS Combined with IGCC in New Mexico about 10,715 MW of geothermal power is online in 24 countries. An additional 28 GW of direct geothermal heating capacity is installed for district heating, space heating, spas, industrial processes, desalination and agricultural applications. Historically, geothermal power has been present near tectonic plate boundaries. Theoretically, geothermal resources can provide sufficient energy to the world, but only a fraction of that may be profitably exploited. The International Geothermal Association projects an installed capacity of 18,500 MW by 2015 based on the projects under consideration. In the United States, 77 power plants produced 3,086 MW of electricity in 2010 ("Geothermal Energy: International Market Update" Geothermal Energy Association). The edge of tectonic plates where high temperature geothermal resource is available is traditionally preferred to build geothermal power plants. 5.2 Gaseous Emissions and the Clean Air Act: Geothermal energy is one of the least polluting forms of energy, producing virtually zero air emissions. It can work as a base load source of power as well as a fossil fuel power source. ―Geothermal activity peaked in the early 1980s as a result of the OPEC oil embargo, the enactment of energy tax incentives for renewable technologies such as geothermal, the implementation of the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978, and the funding of a substantial Department of Energy (DOE) research and development program.‖(Kagel and Gawell) A USGS Circular 790 nationwide geothermal study shows that nine western states may be able to produce and meet 20 percent of national electricity needs. 5.2.1 Air Emissions: Geothermal Power plants have a very high capacity factor of 89-97%, which is much higher than any other Renewable Resource. An added advantage is, low air emissions. Geothermal facilities comfortably comply with even the more stringent California standards of air quality. ―When comparing geothermal energy to existing coal power plants, the current average geothermal generation of 15 billion kWh avoids the release of harmful pollutants and greenhouse gases that would otherwise be generated by coal facilities each year, including 32,000 tons of nitrogen oxides, 78,000 tons of sulfur oxi- des, 17,000 tons of particulate matter, and 16 million tons of carbon dioxide.‖(Based on average EIA estimate of yearly geothermal generation, 2000–04) The major gases that are emitted are Nitrogen Oxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, Sulfur Dioxide, Particulate Matter, and Carbon Dioxide emissions. 5.2.2 Nitrogen Oxides: Geothermal Power Plants do not burn fossil fuel, thereby emitting very low levels of Nitrogen oxides. The amount of NOx that is emitted is usually from combustion of hydrogen sulfide through hydrogen sulfide abatement systems that is burnt off. So small amounts of nitrogen oxides are sometimes formed, which is miniscule. ―When comparing geothermal energy to coal, the current geothermal generation of about 15 billion kWh reduces nitrogen oxide Penn State University | 5.2 Gaseous Emissions and the Clean Air Act: 83PDF Image | GREAT NECK WATER POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT NASSAU COUNTY, NEW YORK MICROTURBINE INSTALLATION FEASIBILITY STUDY
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