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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Circulated EGS Combined with IGCC in New Mexico water quality are set for localities, states and water suppliers. Many actions are required to protect drinking water sources such as rivers, springs, reservoirs, lakes and ground water wells. The United States Environmental Protection Agency is allowed to set national health standards for drinking water to protect from man-made and naturally occurring contaminants. The SDWA applies to all public water systems in the United States. More than 160,000 public water systems provide drinking water to millions of Americans every day. 4 Improper disposition of chemicals, pesticides, underground injected wastes, human and animal wastes and naturally occurring substances contaminate drinking water. With respect to wells, the SDWA has an Underground Injection Control (UIC) program that ―...is responsible for regulating the construction, operation, permitting, and closure of injection wells that place fluids underground for storage or disposal.‖5 Wells are categorized into different classes based on their use. A Class II well is an injection well that is used to inject fluids. The injected fluid in this case is scCO2. Usually class II wells are associated with oil and gas extraction. Usually injection wells are surrounded by multiple production wells. The UIC does not regulate production wells. Disposal wells inject brine and other fluids deep into the surface. At times large amounts of brine will be brought to the surface. These produced brines may contain toxic metals and radioactive substances that can be extremely damaging to surface water or the land surface. By injecting this brine deep underground, surface water and soil is protected from contamination. Similarly, Class VI Wells are used to inject carbon dioxide underground for sequestration or storage. This technology can be used to mitigate emissions from carbon dioxide. Class VI wells ensure that the materials used in the construction of the well are durable with carbon dioxide. The regulations pertaining to the design of the well ensure adequate quality of operation, testing, monitoring and closing of the well in a method that protects underground drinking water. It also addresses the migration effects of carbon dioxide after it has been injected into the ground such as its corrosively with water, relative buoyancy, mobility and the volume injected. Financial Responsibility Requirements for running the wells also have to be met for the life of the well including emergency response and post-injection care of site. 6 “Section 1422 requires states to meet EPA‘s minimum requirements for UIC programs. Programs authorized under section 1422 must include construction, operating, monitoring and testing, reporting, and closure requirements for well owners or operators. Enhanced oil and gas recovery wells may either be issued permits or be authorized by rule. Disposal wells are issued 4 http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/rulesregs/sdwa/index.cfm 5 http://water.epa.gov/type/groundwater/ 6 http://water.epa.gov/ groundwater/uic/class6/gsclass6wells.cfm Penn State University | 5.4 Water usage, Water Pollution and the Safe Drinking Water Act: 94PDF Image | GREAT NECK WATER POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT NASSAU COUNTY, NEW YORK MICROTURBINE INSTALLATION FEASIBILITY STUDY
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