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Thermodynamic Principle behind the Organic Rankine Cycle ORC technology is similar to a traditional steam turbine, but with a single, important difference. Instead of using water vapor, the ORC system vaporizes a high-molecular-mass organic fluid, resulting in excellent electric performance and several key advantages: slower turbine rotation, lower pressure, and no erosion of metallic parts and blades. The ORC unit is preassembled onto one or more skids and can be easily transported. The ORC turbogenerator uses medium-to-high-temperature thermal oil to preheat and vaporize a suitable organic working fluid in the evaporator (8,3,4). The organic fluid vapor rotates the turbine (4,5), which is directly coupled to the electric generator, resulting in clean, reliable electric power. The exhaust vapor flows through the regenerator (5-9), where it heats the organic liquid (2,8) and is then condensed in the condenser and cooled by the cooling circuit (9,6,1). The organic working fluid is then pumped (1,2) into the regenerator and evaporator, thus completing the closed-cycle operation. Thermal Oil Evaporator Turbine Electric Power Generator Regenerator Water Condenser Entropy Pump Why a High-Molecular-Mass Working Fluid Instead of Water? High-Molecular-Mass Organic Fluid Water Very large flow rate Larger-diameter turbine No wear of blades and metal parts Small, fast-moving molecules Erosion of blades and metal parts Multistage turbine and high mechanical stress Advantage of Turboden® ORC Turbogenerators Technical Advantages • High cycle efficiency • Very high turbine efficiency • Low turbine mechanical stress due to low peripheral speed • Low turbine rpm, allowing the direct drive of the electric generator without gear reduction in many applications • No erosion of blades, thanks to the absence of moisture in the vapor nozzles • No water consumed Operational Advantages • Simple start-stop procedures • Automatic and continuous operation • No operator attendance needed • Quiet operation • High availability (typically 98%) • Partial load operation down to 10% of nominal power • High efficiency at partial load • Lower maintenance cost • Long life 3 Thermal Oil Temperature WaterPDF Image | Heat Recovery Applications Biomass Applications
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