International Sorption Heat Pump Conference

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International Sorption Heat Pump Conference ( international-sorption-heat-pump-conference )

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immersed in the solar heated water in a storage tank while performing the generation process (Ta2 to Tg2 in Fig. 8). During the night, the hot water can be used for domestic or sanitary purposes, and as it is drained from the storage tank, the tank is refilled with ambient temperature water at T0. This water reduces the temperature of the adsorber (Tg2 to Ta1), which adsorbs refrigerant from the evaporator and starts the ice production (Ta1 to Ta2). The sensible heat and adsorption heat from the adsorber are then, transferred to the water in the tank, which causes an increase of about 5 °C in the temperature of the water (T0 to Ta2). This way, what would be waste heat is converted into useful heat by this heat recovery process. Fig. 8. Clapeyron diagram for combined water heating and sorption refrigeration system with heat recovery. A similar system was studied by Wang et al. [67] who assumed that the 4 kg of ice produced by the adsorption system could be used to keep a 100 L cold box at 5 °C or below for at least 55 hours if the heat input on the system was between 50 and 55 MJ. Under these conditions, the daily production of hot water would be 120 kg. When the provided input energy was about 40 MJ, the temperature in the cold box could be kept below 4 °C for at least 24 hours. 3. SOLAR POWERED ADSORPTION AIR CONDITIONERS In many countries during summer, the demand for electricity greatly increases due to the intense use of air conditioners. Problems, like blackouts, can occur if the capacity of the power plants is not sufficient to meet this demand, especially during peak hours. As this period usually coincide with the higher insolation hours, the use of solar powered air conditioners seems to be an attractive solution. [68] The prototype studied produced cold water at 10 °C and had a cooling power of 3.2 kW with a COP of 0.36 when the heating source and sink had a temperature of 55 and 30 °C, respectively. Flat plate collectors could easily produce hot water to regenerate the adsorbent of the chiller at these levels of temperature. Fig. 9. Cold storage room. An adsorption air conditioning system was developed by Wang et al. [70] to be powered by heat sources with temperatures close to 100 °C. Evacuated tube collectors could be used to supply hot water at this level of temperature. The system, which the scheme is shown in Fig. 10, had two adsorbers with 26 kg of carbon inside each one and used methanol as refrigerant. Fig. 10. Scheme of the adsorption air conditioner [70]. The COP and the SCP of this system were significantly influenced by the cycle time. The operation of the system with a cycle time of 30 minutes leads to a COP of 0.15 and a cooling power of 3.84 kW while operation with a cycle time of 60 minutes leads to a COP of 0.21 and cooling power of 3.03 kW. In both situations, the evaporation temperature was close to 6 °C. To improve the performance of the system, the authors changed the adsorbers, keeping the same charge of carbon, and used a tube and plate heat exchanger being the carbon placed outside the tubes, between the plates. With this new design, the At the end of the 1980s, Grenier et al. adsorption air conditioning system that had 20 m2 of solar panel and used the working pair zeolite-water. This system, shown in Fig. 9, was designed to refrigerate a 12 m3 room for food preservation. When the insolation received by the solar collectors was about 22 MJm-2, the cold room could store 1,000 kg of vegetables with a rotation of 130 kg per day for a temperature difference of 20°C between the ambient outside and the cold room. The COP, in this case, was 0.10. Saha et al. [69] experimentally investigated a double-stage, four-bed, non-regenerative adsorption chiller that could be powered by solar/waste heat sources at between 50 and 70 °C. presented a solar 5

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