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Fig. 26. Scheme of the sorption refrigerator. 1) adsorbers; 2) sorption beds; 3) condenser; 4) porous evaporators; 5) condensers of the spaghetti heat pipes; 6) parabolic solar concentrator; 7) refrigerator box; 8) spaghetti heat pipes; 9) cylindrical condensers; 10) electrical valves; 11) flexible pipes for liquid flow; 12) electric heater; 13) pipe for vapour flow; 14) vapour channel; 15) pressure gauge; 16) boiler - evaporator. Circuits: A) heat sink; B) heat source (liquid); C) heat source (vapour); D) NH3 [95]. A loop heat pipe was used to connect the refrigerant evaporator of the adsorption system (4 in Fig. 26) to the cold box. The condenser of the heat pipe (5) was placed on the outer surface of the refrigerant evaporator. The evaporation part of the multi-bent heat pipe was inserted along the walls of the refrigerator. These two heat pipes arcs were used as a second ammonia circuit, thermally connected with the first ammonia circuit (evaporators 4). When the temperature of the evaporators decreased and became lower than the temperature of the air inside the refrigerator, the ammonia inside the heat pipe evaporated to condensate on the outer surface of the evaporator. The heat transfer between the air inside the refrigerator and the cold heat pipe panel was performed by natural convection, and this panel could provide 300 W of cooling. Besides the application of gravity heat pipes in the adsorption chillers powered by low temperature heat sources, recent research in the SJTU also employed heat pipes in the development of adsorption icemakers for fishing boats [96,97]. The introduction of this technology increased the heat transfer inside the adsorber and allowed direct use of exhaust gases as heat source and seawater as heat sink. Thus, the corrosion problems in the adsorber can be avoided. In a recent work performed at this University, a split heat pipe adsorption icemaker, which employed compound adsorbent of CaCl2 and activated carbon in the proportion 4:1, was designed and constructed. This system, which is presented in Fig. 27, contains two adsorbers, each one with 1.88 kg of CaCl2, and can reach an evaporation temperature of –42 °C. At evaporating temperatures of –35, –25 and –15 °C, the cooling powers were 0.9, 1.2 and 1.4 kW, respectively, with a COP of 0.41 for the latter condition. The cooling power per kg of salt based only in the cooling period can be as high as 731 Wkg-1. The heat transfer coefficients, for the heating and the cooling phases obtained with this heat pipe, were similar and around 156 Wm-2 K-1. Such a machine can operate with and without refrigerant mass recovery, but the mass recovery increased the SCP with 22 % and the COP with 24 %, when the evaporation temperature was –25 °C. Further details about the experimental set-up and system performance are soon to be published. Fig. 27. Scheme of the adsorption system with split heat pipe. 1) boiler; 2) electric heater; 3) cooling jacket; 4) evaporator; 5) condenser; 6) adsorber; 7) coil pipe cooler; 8) water pump; (F) flow sensor; (G) pressure gauge; (L) level sensor; (P) pressure sensor; (T) temperatures sensor. The silica gel-water chiller patented by Xia et al. [72] used a heat pipe structure on the evaporator not only to provide high heat transfer flux but also to increase the reliability of the system with reduction in the manufacturing costs. The evaporators utilized in the chiller are combined together by a heat-pipe heat exchanger (HPHE), as shown in Fig. 28. 13 methanol condensing surface salver chilled water inlet ME porous surface refrigerant (water) chilled water outlet vapor flow WE 1 divider 1 condensate from condenser 2 divider 2 WE 2 methanol Fig. 28. Scheme of the heat pipe evaporator.PDF Image | International Sorption Heat Pump Conference
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