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The design of the evaporator simplifies the construction of the system, as it substitute the two water evaporator/condenser found in other chillers, like that one studied by Liu et al. [71], by a single methanol evaporator. The exterior surface of the copper tubes in the water evaporator (WE) is a porous medium that enhances the evaporation capability, so the volume of the evaporator could be reduced. The methanol evaporates on the exterior surface of the heat exchange tubes in the methanol evaporator (ME) of the HPHE and condenses on the internal surface of the tubes in one WE (for example, WE1). Simultaneously, the WE2 collects the condensate coming from the condenser through the divider. Under this situation, the temperature inside the WE2 is higher than the temperatures of the WE1 and the ME. Accordingly, the heat exchanges from the WE2 to the WE1 and to the ME are blocked by the working principle of the gravitational heat pipe. For a typical working condition when the chiller is powered by hot water at 85 °C, a SCP higher than 100 Wkg-1 could be obtained, with a COP of 0.43. When powered by hot water at 60 °C, the SCP and COP will be a half of those obtained under the typical working condition. Other experimental results can be seen in Tab. 1. Tab. 1. Experimental results of the silica gel-water adsorption chiller Fig. 29. Scheme of the air conditioner. 1) outlet and inlet of the adsorber cooling medium; 2) heat insulation; 3) mass transfer valve 4) outlet and inlet of the adsorber heating medium; 5) water vacuum chamber; 6) methanol vacuum chamber; 7) outlet air; 8) fan; 9) drain; 10) working fluid (methanol);11). inlet air; 12) methanol evaporator. Fig. 30. Scheme of the water vacuum chamber of the air conditioner. 1) condenser; 2) water flow channel; 3) silica gel; 4) working fluid (water); 5) mass transfer pipe; 6) collector plate; 7) adsorber; 8) evaporator. A methanol vacuum chamber, comprised by an evaporator and a condenser, surrounds the water vacuum chambers. The function of the methanol chamber is to transfer heat from the indoor air to the water evaporator. The methanol condenser and the water evaporator are integrated into a single part called “separator”. When the indoor air flows through the methanol evaporator, the methanol evaporates and condenses on the surface of the water evaporator. The condensate returns to the methanol evaporator by gravity. Evaluation tests were conducted under the working conditions shown in Tab. 2, and the COP and the cooling power are shown in Tab. 3. If some of the problems associated with the manufacturing process can be solved, this chiller is expected to reach a cooling power of 995 W with a COP of 0.48, when powered by hot water at 85 °C and cooled by cold water at 30 °C. Hot water temp. Cooling Chilled water Cooling water temp. [°C] power Cycle temp. Inlet [°C] [°C] Outlet [kW] 16 8.32 16.3 9.33 16.3 10.62 18.2 4.80 16.2 7.57 16.5 10.88 16.1 10.44 12.1 8.26 11.9 8.69 11.8 8.6 COP SCP-1 time [Wkg ] [s] 0.31 80 1680 0.34 89.7 1920 0.40 102.1 1920 0.39 46.2 0.38 72.8 0.43 104.6 0.40 100.4 2280 0.38 79.4 0.39 83.6 0.38 82.7 78.8 81.8 86.8 59.7 69.1 84.4 85.3 80.3 82.5 83.8 31.3 20.5 31.3 20.7 30.9 21.1 30.4 20.5 30.3 19.6 30.5 21.5 30.6 20.9 30.2 15.8 30.4 15.8 30.8 15.4 Another recent project in the SJTU employed a similar evaporator heat pipe device in a compact adsorption air conditioner (CAAC). The schema of this machine is shown in Fig. 29. This chiller was designed for combined utilization with a fuel cell for home use, and which could be considered as a mini CCHP system. There are two vacuum chambers in the chiller, and each one encloses one adsorber (with 5 kg of silica gel), one condenser and one evaporator, as shown in Fig. 30. As these equipments are inside the same chamber, there is no need of vacuum valves among them. When the adsorber is heated, the water is desorbed and vapour flows to the condenser. The condensed water is moved by gravity to the evaporator, which is located below the former device. During the adsorption phase, as the adsorber is cooled, its pressure decreases and water vapour from the evaporator flows back to the adsorbers. 14PDF Image | International Sorption Heat Pump Conference
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