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1 1. The exosphere (2400km)) The sunlight still contains very high-energy photons, which can heat gas particles in the exosphere up to 2,500 degrees C during the day. 2. The ionosphere Most high energy photons are absorbed here leading to a few air molecules becoming electrically charged. 3. The ozone layer This thin layer at the top of the stratosphere absorbs most of the ultra- violet (UV) light. Too much UV light can cause damage to living things so the ozone layer is very important in protecting life on Earth. 4.The stratosphere (50km) Ozone depletion relies on the clouds in the stratosphere: Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs), also known as nacreous clouds, are CLOUDS in the winter polar STRATOSPHERE at altitudes of 15,000–25,000 metres (50,000–80,000 ft). They are implicated in the formation of OZONE HOLES; [1] their effects on ozone depletion arise because they support chemical reactions. 5. The troposphere (8-15 km). The troposphere contains most of the air molecules, nearly all the water vapour so all of the clouds are in this layer. All these particles mean that a lot of sunlight is scattered. Shorter wavelengths (violet and blue) are scattered more than longer wavelengths, making the sky appear blue. 6. Absorption of radiation emitted by the Earth The Earth emits a lot of long wavelength radiation from its surface and much of this is absorbed and scattered in the troposphere. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and water vapour are responsible for most of this absorption, making the temperature around the Earth higher. This ozone filter efficiently screens out almost all the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun; the ozone layer absorbs most of the dangerous UV-B radiation (radiation between UV-A which is allowed through and UV-C which is mainly captured by oxygen, as indicated in Figure 1.2). Any damage that is done to the ozone layer will lead to increased UV-B radiation. Increases of UV-B radiation have been clearly observed in areas experiencing periods of intense ozone depletion. Any increased UV-B that reaches the earth’s surface has a potential to cause considerable harm to the environment and to life on earth. A small decrease in the ozone layer could significantly increase the incidence of skin cancer, and could lead to an acceleration of the rarer but more virulent form of cancer known as coetaneous malignant melanoma. Increased UV-B could lead to increased incidents of eye damage, including cataracts, deformation of the eye lenses, and presbyopia. Eye cataracts, the leading cause of blindness in the world, are expected to increase considerably. 18 Environmental ImpactPDF Image | Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians
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