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1 On the basis of these reports the parties to the Montreal Protocol discussed again a tightening of the control schedules. Achieving the goals of the Montreal Protocol depends on widespread cooperation among all the nations of the world. It is not enough that the developed nations, which accounted in 1986 for 85% of the consumption of ODS, participate in the Protocol. The participation of developing countries, which consumed only 15% in 1986, is also vitally important. HCFC consumption in developing countries has been growing at a much higher rate than in the developed world. As long ago as 1987, developing countries were given incentives to conform with the Protocol in the form of a grace period of 10 years for implementation and technical assistance (Articles 5 and 10 in the Protocol). However, by 1989 many of the larger developing nations indicated that the provisions were inadequate. They argued that it was not they that were responsible for depleting the ozone layer. And as they are just beginning to develop economically and to use the low cost CFC technology acquired from the developed countries, they require help with the costs. If they are to bind themselves to strict schedules for adopting new technologies, they need to be given the new technologies and the finance necessary to adopt them. Negotiations on this issue resulted in the establishment of a new financial mechanism in London, 1990, through a new Article 10 in the Montreal Protocol. The mechanism includes a Multilateral Fund and other multilateral, regional and bilateral co-operation. The Fund has now operated since 1991; under the Fund, UNEP OzonAction is responsible for information dissemination, training and networking. This manual is part of UNEP’s work programme related to training on good practices in refrigeration in developing countries. What is your countries protocol status from 4 http://ozone.unep.org/Ratification_status/list_of_article_5_parties. shtml Contact your National Ozone Units/Officers available on 4 http://www.uneptie.org/ozonaction/information/contacts.htm to find out actions being taken by your government. Although having considerably lower ODP than CFCs, many HCFCs have high global warming potentials (GWP), of over 2000 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2). The reasons for the phasing out For the impacts on climate change and global warming Key dates in refrigeration development, a summary of what is happening and deadlines before different refrigerants become illegal to use. Timeline Activity 4 22 Effects of Ozone Depletion 4 Global Warming 4 Environmental ImpactPDF Image | Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians
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