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1 countries which rely heavily on hydro-electricity or other renewable energy resources (such as solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass), or nuclear power, there are minimal emissions of CO2 per kWh of electricity consumed. In countries that use carbon-intensive electricity production, emissions can be around 1 kg of CO2 per kWh. In these countries, the energy used is often the dominant contribution to equipments’ GHG emissions. Therefore, it is important to also improve and maintain the efficiency of RAC equipment over its entire lifetime. Certain concepts are often used to evaluate the overall lifetime GHG impact of RAC systems. These include a variety of names: Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI), Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP), and Life Cycle Warming Impact (LCWI), amongst others. Essentially, all these concepts are the same: they add the total equivalent GHG emissions from different sources together, over the lifetime of the equipment. The purpose of doing this is often used to compare different technologies, and more constructively, to identify which aspects of the equipment could be most effectively optimised to help reduce its global warming impact. Lastly, it is of utmost importance to carry out such evaluations with attention to detail, since there are myriad assumptions involved, and as such it is easy to draw erroneous conclusions. The Earth has a natural temperature control system. Certain atmospheric gases are vital in this system and are known as greenhouse gases. The Earth’s surface becomes warm and as a result of incoming solar radiation and then emits infrared radiation. The greenhouse gases trap some of the infrared radiation thus warming the atmosphere. Naturally occurring greenhouse gases include water vapour, carbon dioxide, ozone, methane and nitrous oxide: together they create a natural greenhouse effect. Without this phenomenon the Earth’s average temperature would be more than 30°C (60 °F) lower throughout the year. Global warming might also slow down the ozone layer’s recovery; despite the temperature rise in the troposphere, the air might even cool down in the stratosphere, which is favourable to the depletion of the ozone layer. The heat budget is dynamic – it is changing. For example: at the time of the dinosaurs there was more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, trapping more heat, creating a higher planetary temperature. This is an example of a feedback system. Activity Cutting down forests will: √ Affect Increase Earth’s Temperature Decrease Earth’s Temperature A major volcanic eruption will: √ √ (May also offer some cooling as particles in the atmosphere reflect the sun’s rays) Burning fossil fuels leading to increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will: √ The addition of CFCs will: √ The addition of HCFCs will: √ The addition of HFCs will: √ 26 Environmental ImpactPDF Image | Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians
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