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1 19th Century Timeline activity An overview of refrigerant development, phase out CFC and Phase out HCFC are given here: the installations more leak-tight, adopting procedures for recovery and treatment of refrigerants for re-use, and converting installations to use zero ozone depleting substances (ODS) and low-global warming refrigerants. These procedures are now part of the so- called good practices of RAC servicing, and this manual has the objective of summarise them, helping technicians to deal with the upcoming challenges within the field of RAC. 2006 Global HCFC production was 34,400 ODP tonnes and approximately 75% of global HCFC use was in air-conditioning and refrigeration sectors. The main HCFC used is R22 or chlorodifluoromethane. 2007 At the 20th anniversary meeting of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, in Montreal, agreement was reached to adjust the Montreal Protocol’s schedule to accelerate the phase-out of production and consumption of HCFCs. This decision will result in a significant reduction in ozone depletion, with the intention of simultaneously reducing the global warming impact. In addition to the HCFC accelerated phase- out schedules, the 2007 Meeting of the Parties of the Montreal Protocol approved a decision to encourage Parties to promote the selection of alternatives to HCFCs that minimise environmental impacts, in particular impacts on climate, as well as meeting other health, safety and economic considerations (Decision XIX/6: Adjustments to the Montreal Protocol with regard to Annex C, Group I, substances or so-called HCFCs). Refrigeration technology using the thermodynamic vapour compression cycle technology was first developed in the middle of the 19th Century. The technology used four basic components (compressor, condenser, evaporator and device expansion) and a working fluid, called a refrigerant. Since then, the RAC industry has evolved significantly, and has been present in many social sectors. 1930s CFC and HCFC refrigerants were developed and have been used in the 1930s and 1940s. 1970s During the 1970s CFC and HCFC refrigerants were found to be directly connected to a global environmental problem: the depletion of the ozone layer. 1987 CFC and HCFC are scheduled to be eliminated by the Montreal Protocol, an international agreement established in 1987. As well as contributing to the depletion of the ozone layer, CFCs and HCFCs are strong greenhouse gases, thus contributing to the global warming process. Since the establishment of Montreal Protocol, the refrigeration industry has been searching substitutes to CFCs and HCFCs refrigerants. At the same time, the industry has been developing ways to conserve these refrigerants, making 27 Environmental ImpactPDF Image | Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians
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