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1 European One example is regulation (EC) no 842/2006 of the European Parliament. It applies to several HFC compounds, among them the R134a, and R404A. According to this Regulation, for stationary refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump units over 3 kg charge (6 kg if hermetic), operators must: • Prevent leakage, and repair any leaks as soon as possible • Arrange proper refrigerant recovery by certified personnel during servicing and disposal • Carry out regular leak checks (e.g. at least once every three months for applications with 300 kg or more of fluorinated gases) by certified competent staff • Maintain records of refrigerants and of servicing • Provide labelling of equipment containing fluorinated gases • Prohibit of placing on the market certain equipment containing fluorinated gases such as non-refillable containers. For non-stationary equipment (e.g., mobile units on trucks) and any other products containing fluorinated gases, operators must ensure that appropriately qualified personnel are used to recover gases, as long as this is feasible and not excessively expensive. Other European measures regarding the use of HFCs are covered by the Directive 2006/40/EC, relating to emissions from air-conditioning systems in motor vehicles, which bans fluorinated gases with a GWP higher than 150 (such as R134a) as of 2011 for new models of cars. USA Another case of regulations concerning the use of HFC compounds are the measures adopted by the California Air Resources Board in 2007, to reduce the HFC emissions from mobile vehicle air conditioning (MVAC) systems. These measures will control HFC releases from MVAC servicing, requiring leak tightness test, repair to smog check, enforce the federal regulations on banning HFC release from MVAC servicing, dismantling, and require using low- GWP refrigerants for new MVAC. Mobile Vehicle Air Conditioning manufacturers are testing alternative refrigerants to meet the long-term needs of automotive manufacturers. Currently there are two alternatives under consideration: R744 (carbon dioxide) and R1234yf (an unsaturated HFC). Both have low GWP, are of lower toxicity, and whilst R744 is non-flammable, R1234yf has a lower flammability classification. These new alternatives are still in the testing and development phase, and it is not clear whether either one or both will be adopted for MVAC systems. With the continued environmental pressure on refrigerants, technological innovations have helped in the consideration of “natural refrigerants” (ammonia, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide) as a safe and economic options for RAC applications in many areas. Because of smaller environmental impacts and for being more appropriate in terms of sustainable technological development perspective, refrigeration systems with natural refrigerants could have an important role in the future as technical solution in many applications. 30 Environmental ImpactPDF Image | Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians
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