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1 The way forward Changing refrigerant options and efficiency goals are likely to drive further innovations in air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. Technical options are being developed to lower refrigerant charges in equipment, thereby decreasing refrigerant emissions, and cooperating for the responsible use of all alternatives. Due to technological development and adoption of sustainability policies, it is predicted an increase of natural refrigerant applications. Use of indirect systems (applying heat transfer fluids in secondary systems) is growing since it helps also to reduce charge sizes, to enable use of sealed systems, and to facilitate application of flammable alternatives. Contrary to non-Article 5 countries, the demand for service refrigerants in most Article 5 countries will consist of CFCs and HCFCs, a tendency driven by long equipment life and with the costs of field conversion to alternative refrigerants, and the availability of such alternatives. One of the main concerns will be maintaining adequate supplies of HCFCs. Refrigerant conservation programmes to be established for CFCs in Article 5 countries will mostly be government sponsored and regulatory in nature. As in many non- Article 5 countries, they may include restrictions on the sale, use, and end-of-life disposal requirements that mandate recovery and recycling of refrigerants. These programmes will be expanded in countries without such requirements. Further reading UNEP DTIE OzonAction – Ozone Protection, Climate Change & Energy Efficiency, Centro Studi Galileo / UNEP, 2007 4 www.unep.fr/ozonaction/information/mmcfiles/4824-e- ozoneclimenerg.pdf Ozone Secretariat, Refrigeration – reports of the Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee (RTOC) 4 www.ozone.unep.org/teap/Reports/RTOC/ UNEP DTIE OzonAction – Protecting the Ozone Layer, Volume 1, Refrigerants, UNEP, 2001 4 www.unep.fr/ozonaction/information/mmcfiles/2333-e.pdf International Panel on Climate Change - IPCC special report on Safeguarding the Ozone Layer and the Global Climate System: Issues related to Hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons, IPCC / TEAP, 2005 4 www1.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/sroc.htm European Commission Environment - web section on fluorinated greenhouse gases 4 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/climat/fluor/index_en.htm 31 Environmental ImpactPDF Image | Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians
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