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2 Chemical properties and stability The stability of a refrigerant is linked to the way it behaves in the presence of other substances, particularly within the refrigerating system. It is important that the refrigerant will not react with, or act as a solvent with, any of the materials within the system. These include metals used for pipes and other components, compressor oils and associated additives, plastic motor materials, elastomers in valves and fittings, and desiccants within filter dryers. This should also be considered with respect to the small quantities of contaminants such as moisture and air. In general CFCs, HCFCs, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and HCs are compatible with most materials (since most components are designed for these refrigerants). However, many components are designed using proprietary mixtures and additives, so there is always a possibility of incompatibility with certain materials if an unspecified refrigerant is used. Carbon dioxide has some compatibility problems with certain elastomers, which is why only dedicated components for R744 should be used with this refrigerant. Ammonia is not compatible with many materials, such as copper, copper alloys and many electrical wiring insulation materials. Therefore construction metals inside ammonia systems are normally limited to carbon steel and stainless steel. In all cases, component manufacturers should be consulted to check that their materials are compatible with a non-standard refrigerant. Operating pressures It is important to consider the likely operating pressures in both the suction and discharge sides of the system. Ideally, a refrigerant is chosen that will have an evaporating pressure above atmospheric pressure under normal operating conditions, so as to avoid air and moisture being drawn into the system in the event of a leak. Thus, a refrigerant should be chosen with a normal boiling point (NBP) that is lower than the anticipated evaporating temperature. A selected refrigerant should also have a condensing pressure that does not exceed the pressure that the system components are designed for, as this can have safety implications. Thermodynamic and transport properties The most important performance criteria for a refrigerating system are cooling (or heating in the case of heat pumps) capacity and efficiency, or coefficient of performance (COP). These performance characteristics are influenced by a number of properties, including: • saturation pressure-temperature characteristics • critical temperature • latent heat • density • viscosity • thermal conductivity • specific heat capacity 35 RefrigerantsPDF Image | Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians
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