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2 Those with ozone depleting potential Chlorofluorocarbons CFCs consist of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon. The most common refrigerants in this group are R11, R12 and R115 (within the blend R502). As mentioned above, they have been in widespread use since the 1930s, in nearly all applications, including domestic refrigeration, commercial refrigeration, cold storage, transport refrigeration and vehicle air conditioning. Because they contain no hydrogen, CFCs are chemically very stable, and tend to have good compatibility with most materials and traditional lubricants such as mineral oils. Across the range of CFCs, they have a variety of pressure-temperature characteristics, thus covering a fairly wide range of applications. Their thermodynamic and transport properties are generally good, thereby offering the potential for good efficiency. Their good stability also results in lower toxicity and non-flammability, thus usually achieving an A1 safety classification. However, because they contain chlorine, CFCs are damaging to the ozone layer (section 1), and due to their long atmospheric life, the CFCs have a high ODP. Similarly, they are strong greenhouse gases with high GWP. However, they are not controlled by the Kyoto Protocol because they are controlled and are being eliminated by the Montreal Protocol. Traditionally, CFCs have been very cheap and widely available, although with their current phase-out, prices will rise considerably and availability will lessen. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons HCFCs consist of hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, and carbon. The most common refrigerants in this group are R22, R123 and R124 (within various blends). As mentioned above, they have been in widespread use since the 1930s, in nearly all applications, including commercial refrigeration, cold storage, transport refrigeration, stationary air conditioning and chillers. Because they contain hydrogen, HCFCs are theoretically less chemically stable than CFCs, but nevertheless tend to have good compatibility with most materials and traditional lubricants such as mineral oils. Across the range of HCFCs, there are a variety of pressure-temperature characteristics. Their thermodynamic and transport properties are typically very good, thereby offering the potential for very good efficiency. Although some HCFCs have an A1 safety classification, due to their less stable nature, some HCFCs have A2 (low-toxicity, lower-flammability) and B1 (higher toxicity, non-flammable) safety classifications. As with CFCs, because of the chlorine content, they are damaging to the ozone layer (Chapter 1), although with a relatively low ODP. Similarly, they are strong greenhouse gases with high GWP. Again, they are not controlled by the Kyoto Protocol because they are controlled and are being eliminated by the Montreal Protocol. Currently, HCFCs are very cheap and widely available, although with the forthcoming accelerated phase-out, prices will rise considerably and availability will lessen. 41 RefrigerantsPDF Image | Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians
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