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2 Hydrofluorocabons (HFCs) HFCs consist of hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon. The most common refrigerants in this group are R134a, R32, R125 and R143a (mostly within blends, such as R404A, R407C and R410A). They have been in large scale use since the 1990s, in nearly all applications that have traditionally used CFCs and HCFCs, including domestic and commercial refrigeration, cold storage, vehicle air conditioning, transport refrigeration, stationary air conditioning and chillers. HFCs are generally chemically very stable, and tend to have good compatibility with most materials. However, they are not miscible with traditional lubricants, so other types of synthetic oils must be used. Across the range of HFCs, there are a variety of pressure- temperature characteristics. Their thermodynamic and transport properties range from fairly to very good, thereby offering the potential for good efficiency. Although some HFCs have an A1 safety classification, some have A2 (low-toxicity, lower-flammability) safety classifications. Unlike CFCs and HCFCs, they contain no chlorine, and are thus not damaging to the ozone layer (Chapter 1). However, due to their long atmospheric lifetime, they are typically strong greenhouse gases with high GWP. They are controlled by the Kyoto Protocol. Currently, HFCs carry a moderate price, with the blends being more expensive. Although numerous countries are developing legislation to control the use and/or emissions of HFCs, many are widely available, and will continue to be so for the foreseeable future. Those without ozone depleting potential 4 Heat transfer fluids 4 Using Refrigerant Blends – issues and concepts 4 42 RefrigerantsPDF Image | Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians
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