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2 Azeotropic Blends An azeotropic blend is a mixture of usually two substances, which behaves as if it were a pure fluid. When heat is added to or removed from an azeotropic refrigerant blend, the composition (mole fraction) of the vapour and the liquid remain essentially unchanged throughout the complete process. In other words, in a blend of 50% of fluid A and 50% of fluid B, for every molecule of fluid A that vaporises or condenses, a molecule of fluid B does the same. An azeotropic blend behaves like a single refrigerant when condensing or evaporating, i.e., the temperature remains constant at a given pressure, as shown in this figure: Historically, the commonly used ozone depleting substance (ODS) blends were R500 (mixture of R12 and R152a) and R502 (mixture of R22 and R115). More recently, an azeotropic blend using only HFCs has been found, R507A (mixture of R125 and R143a). Zeotropic blends A zeotropic blend is a mixture of refrigerants whose different volatilities are seen when observing the performance of a refrigeration cycle. For example, a change in the molar composition and/or a change in saturation temperature during boiling or condensation; in this way, it does not behave like a single refrigerant when condensing or evaporating. Two different situations arise, depending upon the type of system. Direct expansion system: • Flow-boiling occurs in the evaporator and flow-condensation in the condenser. Fluid A boils or condenses at a different rate than fluid B, and because the liquid composition of fluid A and fluid B changes, whilst the pressure remains the same, the saturation temperature along the heat exchanger varies. • Flooded system: Pool-boiling occurs in the evaporator and film- condensation in the condenser. Fluid A boils or condenses at a different rate from fluid B, which results in an accumulation of the most volatile fluid in the condenser and the less volatile fluid in the evaporator. Whilst the phase-change process occurs at a constant temperature, there is essentially a short-circuiting of the refrigerant, which results in a loss in performance. SINGLE COMPONENT PRESSURE - TEMPERATURE CHART LENGTH OF HEAT EXCHANGER BOILING SUBCOOLED SUPERHEATED EVAPORATING EVAPORATING (CONSTANT PRESSURE) Condensation and evaporation of an azeotropic blend 47 TEMPERATURE RefrigerantsPDF Image | Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians
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