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2 Flammability Several of the blends use flammable refrigerants as one of the components, and some blends just use a mixture of hydrocarbons. Therefore, some safety concerns are raised for their application. Some regions and countries set a limitation in specific equipment for such kinds of blends or even forbid their use. In developed countries, the HCFC based blends for replacement of R12 were not widely used for the manufacturing of new equipment or retrofitting of existing equipment partly due to its ODP value, flammability and servicing complications. Also, the retrofitting of appliances is not practiced in developed countries mainly because of the availability of recycled CFC for servicing and high retrofitting cost due to higher labour charges compared to new equipment cost. Pros and Cons of refrigerant blends Pros of refrigerant blends: • The refrigerant blends provide another way to assist the country in complying with the CFCs phase-out provision under the Montreal Protocol whilst not harming the interests of the end users. • The refrigerant blends (if the main components are either R22/ R152a/HCs) can be cheaper than R134a and other alternatives; they tend to be widely available. • The HCFC based refrigerant blends as mentioned above aimed to replace R12 can mostly be used with mineral oils and can provide acceptable performance in retrofitted equipment. Cons of refrigerant blends: • HCFC-based blends are an interim CFC replacement solution. • Due to the non-azeotropic and possible flammable characteristics, the servicing procedure especially charging would be complicated and the technicians should be informed to follow proper handling procedures. • It is more difficult to estimate the amount of superheat and sub- cooling when commissioning or servicing a system. • Leakage from heat exchangers and subsequent re-filling will lead to a gradual change in composition, thereby resulting in a change in performance and operating characteristics over time. • The introduction of more refrigerants in the market might confuse the technicians, causing more cases of cross- contamination in running the refrigeration system. • Even though the short-term impact on the performance of the equipment might not be noticed by the equipment owner, it is believed the cross-contamination of a refrigerant/lubricant will reduce the equipment’s energy efficiency and its performance, and shorten the operational life of the equipment. • More blends will also complicate the recovery/recycling programme due to the cross-contamination, as equipment with the blends might not be properly labelled or the technicians may just ignore the label. • Some blends are advertised to replace R134a, so it might cause backward retrofitting from R134a to HCFC-based blends. 50 RefrigerantsPDF Image | Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians
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