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2 Lubricants Today, almost as many new lubricants are on the market as there are refrigerants. Compressor manufacturers always specify oil type and fill each model of compressor accordingly. One of the most common mistakes whilst servicing is not checking which is the appropriate lubricant for the serviced system; this could cause damage to the system due to non-compatibility with refrigerant and system components. In hermetic systems, the lubricant is in intimate contact with the electrical motor windings. The oil must therefore provide good, material compatibility and have high thermal stability properties. Although the majority of the lubricant remains in the compressor, a small amount will be circulated into the rest of the refrigerant circuit. The lubricant must be able to resist both the high temperatures at the compressor discharge valves and the low temperatures at the expansion device. It must be sufficiently soluble with the refrigerant itself in order for it to be returned back to the compressor, so that over time, it does not become starved of oil, which could lead to mechanical failure. There properties are discussed next. Properties The properties of a good refrigeration lubricant are: • Low wax content. Separation of wax from the refrigeration oil mixture may plug refrigerant control orifices • Good thermal stability. It should not form hard carbon deposits and spots in the compressor, such as in the valves of the discharge port • Good chemical stability. There should be little or no chemical reaction with the refrigerant or materials normally found in systems • Low pour point. This is the ability of the oil to remain in a fluid state at the lowest temperature in the system • Good miscibility and solubility. Good miscibility ensures that the oil will be returned to the compressor, although a too high solubility may result in lubricant being washed off the moving parts • Low viscosity index. This is the ability of the lubricant to maintain good oiling properties at high temperatures and good fluidity at low temperatures and to provide a good lubricating film at all times. Categories Basically there are six main categories of refrigeration lubricants: • mineral oils (MO) • alkyl benzene oils (AB) • polyol ester oils (POE) • poly alpha olefin oils (PAO) • poly alkyl glycol oils (PAG) Traditionally, CFC refrigerants have been used with mineral and alkyl benzene oils for the lubrication of compressors. This is now undergoing change, with the introduction of HFC refrigerants, which are immiscible with the traditional mineral oils, and need the use of synthetic oils for miscibility and oil return. 51 RefrigerantsPDF Image | Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians
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