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3 Handling of refrigerants Numerous regulations are in force worldwide for the manufacture, handling and maintenance of pressurised containers. Cylinders are manufactured to specifications established by countries regulatory authorities. There are different types of cylinder: Below are presented some aspects of the management of refrigerant cylinders. Specific considerations about safety and care precautions concerning the manipulation and direct contact with refrigerant itself are presented in Disposable and non-refillable cylinders 4 Refillable cylinders 4 Recovery cylinders 4 Chapter 6 4 Refrigerant cylinders Refrigerants are packed in both disposable and returnable (refillable) shipping containers, commonly called “cylinders”. Disposables are manufactured in sizes from 0.5 litres to 22 litres capacity (corresponding to approximately 0.5 to 25 kg of CFC, HCFC or HFC refrigerant). They are considered pressure vessels, and in most countries therefore are subject to national regulations. Containers are designed for pressurised and liquefied gases, and are labelled accordingly. Some refrigerants are gases at atmospheric pressure and room temperature, and are therefore transported and stored as liquefied compressed gases in pressurised cylinders. Other refrigerants are liquids at room temperature and contained in drums, barrels or other standard containers. Normally, each cylinder is equipped with a safety-relief device that will vent pressure from the cylinder before it reaches the rupture point, in the event of, say, overheating. When temperatures increase, the liquid refrigerant expands into the vapour space above the liquid causing the pressure to rise gradually as long as a vapour space is available for expansion. However, if no vapour space is available due to an overfilled cylinder and no pressure-relief valve is available, the liquid will continue to expand with no room for the expanding liquid and will result in extremely high pressures with the consequence of the cylinder rupturing. When the cylinder ruptures, the pressure drop causes the liquid refrigerant to flash into vapour and sustains explosive behaviour. The rupture of a refrigerant cylinder containing liquid refrigerant that flashes into vapour is far worse than the rupture of a compressed-air cylinder of the same pressure. The next pages include information on cylinder management plans. 61 Refrigerant ManagementPDF Image | Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians
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