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3 Disposable and non-refillable cylinders Available on the market are a type of cylinder called “non-refillable” or “disposable” cylinders. These are sometimes used where the supply infrastructure is less comprehensive, and it is less costly for refrigerant suppliers who may expect their cylinders to become lost. From both an environmental and safety perspective, the use of disposable cylinders is considered to be very bad practice. These containers are generally discharged after use, resulting in a lot of refrigerant being released to the atmosphere. Furthermore, there are often attempts to re-use these cylinders (for example, through brazing new valves onto them to enable re-filling with refrigerant), despite such practices being forbidden. Also, they tend to be manufactured from thinner metal than the conventional, re-usable cylinders, rendering them more susceptible to rusting and mechanical damage over time. As such, their use is not recommended under any circumstances. In fact they are already prohibited in many countries, such as the European Union member states and Australia and Canada. Other countries are also working to implement similar rules. Mandating the use of returnable, refillable containers was implemented as a key measure to reduce GHG emissions by eliminating the possibility of the eventual release of the residual product that unavoidably remains in disposable refrigerant containers. These regulations had support from the major refrigerant manufacturers and industry trade associations. If a disposable cylinder has been used, before disposing of it, it should be properly emptied. This requires the remaining refrigerant to be recovered until the pressure has been reduced to pressure of approximately 0.3 bar (absolute). The container’s valve must be closed at this time and the container marked as empty. The container is then ready for disposal. It is recommended that the cylinder valve should then be opened to allow air to enter, and the cylinder should be rendered useless (with the valve still open) by breaking off the valve or puncturing the container. This will avoid misuse of the container by untrained individuals. Used cylinders can be recycled with other scrap metal. Never leave used cylinders with residual refrigerant outdoors where the cylinder can rust. An abandoned cylinder will eventually deteriorate and could potentially explode. Refillable cylinders Refillable cylinders are the standard receptacles available for the storage and transportation of smaller quantities of refrigerant. They normally range in size from about 5 litres to 110 litres (approximately 5 to 100 kg of CFC, HCFC or HFC refrigerant). The cylinders are normally constructed from steel and have a combination valve, with separate ports for refrigerant removal, refrigerant filling and a pressure relief device. The port for refrigerant filling is normally locked so that only the refrigerant supplier can gain access. Some cylinders also have two separate removal ports: one for liquid and another for vapour, if the cylinder is fitted with a dip-tube. There is usually a metal collar around to the top of the cylinder to protect the valve from mechanical damage. Both the cylinder itself and the valve are usually subject to national regulations for their design, fabrication, and testing. 62 Refrigerant ManagementPDF Image | Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians
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