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3 Refrigerant conservation Refrigerant conservation is part of a refrigerant management strategy. It is an effort to extend the lifetime of used refrigerant by establishing methods to contain, recover, recycle, and reclaim for the purpose of reuse and minimising emissions to the environment. Containment is important not only to protect the environment, preventing refrigerant emissions, but also to ensure proper functioning and efficiency of air-conditioning and refrigeration systems. Cooling systems are designed as sealed units to provide long term operation with a fixed charge of refrigerant. Conservation is affected by the design, installation, service and disposal of the refrigerating system. Guidelines and standards are being developed and updated in several countries with consideration to environmental matters and improved conservation. Refrigerant emissions Refrigerant emissions to the atmosphere often occur without identification of the cause. However, the identification of the sources of refrigerant leaks is necessary to limit emissions. Refrigerant emissions occur because of the following: • Tightness degradation due to temperature variations, pressure cycling, and vibrations that can lead to unexpected leaks • Component failures from poor construction or faulty assembly • Losses due to refrigerant handling during maintenance (e.g. charging the system), and servicing (e.g. opening the system without previously recovering the refrigerant) • Accidental losses (e.g. natural disasters, fires, explosions, sabotage, and theft) • Losses at equipment disposal that is due to venting, rather than recovering refrigerant at the end of the system’s life When designing, installing and servicing refrigeration systems, technicians should keep these causes in mind, and work on systems in ways that avoid them occurring. Containment Containment is the general concept of retaining the refrigerant within the equipment by having leak-proof joints and seals, pipelines, etc, and handling the refrigerant in a manner that minimises refrigerant releases. Leak detection is a basic element of containment and must take place in manufacturing, commissioning, maintenance and servicing of refrigerating and air-conditioning equipment, as it allows measuring and improving conservation of refrigerants. There are three general means of identifying whether refrigerant may be leaking from a system: a) Global methods - such as fixed refrigerant detectors, which indicate that there is the presence of refrigerant, but they do not actually locate a leak. They are useful at the end of manufacturing and each time the system is opened up for repair or retrofit. 65 Refrigerant ManagementPDF Image | Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians
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