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4 • If the temperature reaches below 0°C, the saturated moisture (water) within the expansion device can freeze and subsequently stop the refrigerant flow. • As the expansion valve warms, due to the lack of refrigerant, the ice melts and moisture returns to the expansion valve and once more generates an intermittent cooling. • Whether or not freezing actually occurs depends primarily upon the amount of moisture (water) and size of the ice particles formed. Be aware of the risk of corrosion and its impacts In addition to possible freezing, another serious problem – namely corrosion – can occur within the system due to the presence of moisture. Corrosion can create serious problems because often its effects are not apparent until serious damage has occurred. For example, moisture in the form of water alone can cause rust after a period of time. However, moisture plus the refrigerant create much more corrosion problems. Refrigerant such as R12 containing chlorine will slowly hydrolyse with water and form hydrochloric acids. This acid greatly increases the corrosion of metals. The corrosion processes can be characterised as follows: • Heat increases the rate of corrosion due to acids because at higher temperatures the acid-forming process is accelerated. This acid, of course, attacks all the materials it contacts, the rate of corrosion of the individual materials being determined by their corrosion-resistant qualities. Steel will generally corrode at lower moisture levels than copper or brass. • Compressor lubricant presents another problem caused by moisture, particularly in the case of polyol ester (POE) and poly alkyl glycol (PAG) lubricants, used with hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants. In fact, these types of lubricant have an affinity for moisture and will absorb it rapidly if left open to the atmosphere. Mineral lubricants do not mix with water in the same range as polyol ester lubricants. • Water changed into acid emulsifies with lubricants, the two forming an intimate mixture of exceedingly fine globules. This effect is called “sludging” of the oil and greatly reduces its lubricating ability. Corrosion becomes troublesome from the operating standpoint when the metallic surface is eaten away and a solid, detachable product is formed. This formation is commonly known as “sludge”. Sludge exists as slimy liquids, fine powders, granular solids or sticky solids and causes a variety of problems. They can plug fine strainers, expansion valves and capillary tubes. And because they usually contain acids they corrode whatever they cling to, accelerating damage. Eliminating moisture problems To eliminate moisture problems it is necessary to take precautions and actions, which will ensure a moisture-free system. It is important to change the filter drier frequently. The most effective way to eliminate moisture from a system is through the use of a high vacuum pump to create a vacuum deep enough to evaporate and remove this moisture. The recommended level of evacuation is of 1 millibar absolute (100 Pa) to achieve the evacuation of moisture. This level of vacuum must be maintained for 10 minutes without the help of a vacuum pump. 88 Servicing PracticesPDF Image | Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians
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