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CHAPITRE 4 4 Evacuation A refrigerating system must contain only the refrigerant in liquid or vapour state along with dry oil. All other vapours, gases, and fluids must be removed. Connecting the system to a vacuum pump and allowing the pump to run continuously for some time while a deep vacuum is drawn on the system can best remove these substances. It is sometimes necessary to warm the parts to around +50°C while under a high vacuum; in order to accelerate the removal of all unwanted moisture, heat the parts using warm air, heat lamps, or water. Never use a brazing torch. If any part of the system is below 0°C, the moisture may freeze and it will take a considerably longer time for the ice to sublimate to vapour during the evacuation process. is called saturation temperature at this pressure, and the pressure at which the water evaporates at a fixed temperature is called saturation pressure at this temperature. The relationship between these two thermodynamic properties (a natural law) is presented in the figure for water: 40 The equipment necessary to carry out the evacuation is: 20 Saturation pressure and temperature curve for water • vacuum pump • manifold gauges two servicing valves (in the case system is not equipped with servicing valves) • vacuum gauge. It is essential to know that conventional manifold gauges have low sensitivity, particularly at lower pressures. As such, they are ineffective at determining whether or not a sufficient vacuum has been achieved. Therefore it is essential to ensure that a proper vacuum gauge (such as a Pirani gauge) is used. To understand why system evacuation is very important for moisture elimination, it is useful to remember the concept of vacuum and the relationship between boiling temperature and pressure. For a pure substance, like water, the boiling temperature for a fixed pressure 0 -75 -35 5 45 85 125 TEMPERATURE [ °C] PAGE 06 PROCEDURES TO PERFORMS 160 140 120 100 80 60 It can be seen in this figure that as the pressure reduces, the boiling temperature will be lower. If one wants to remove moisture DONE in vapour phase from a refrigeration system, it is very important to lower the system pressure because this will facilitate the change of the moisture from liquid to vapour phase (through heat transfer from the surrounding environment) making its removal easier. Always evacuate a system when: • replacing a circuit component (compressor, condenser, filter- drier, evaporator, etc.) • whilst the system has no refrigerant • if the refrigerant is contaminated • after the lubricant is charged. 91 PRESSURE [kPa] Servicing PracticesPDF Image | Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians
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