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4 Leak detection RAC systems are designed to operate adequately with a fixed charge of refrigerant. If it has been determined that a system has insufficient refrigerant, the system must be checked for leaks, then repaired and recharged. Refrigerant leaks are caused by material failure. The mechanism that creates the material failure is normally attributable to one or more of the following factors: • Vibration – Vibration is a significant factor in material failure and is responsible for “work hardening” of copper, misalignment of seals, loosening of securing bolts to flanges, etc. • Pressure changes – Refrigeration systems depend on the changes in pressure for their operation. The rate of change of pressure has different effects on the various components in the system, which results in material stress and differential expansion and contraction. • Temperature changes – Refrigeration systems frequently consist of different materials of differing thickness. Rapid changes in temperature result in material stress and differential expansion and contraction. • Frictional wear – There are many cases of frictional wear causing material failure, and they vary from poorly-fixed pipework to shaft seals. • Incorrect material selection – In a number of cases, inappropriate materials are selected e.g., certain types of flexible hoses have a known leakage rate, and materials that are known to fail under conditions of vibration and transient pressure and temperature changes are used. • Poor quality control – Unless the materials used in the refrigeration system are of a high and consistent standard, changes in vibration, pressure and temperature will cause failure. • Poor connections – Poorly made connections, either brazed joints, screwed connections, or not replacing caps on valves, can allow refrigerant to escape. • Corrosion – Exposure to a variety of chemicals or the weathering can result in a variety of different corrosion modes, which decays the construction material resulting in the eventual creation of holes. • Accidental damage – Accidental mechanical impacts to refrigerant-containing parts can happen under many circumstances, and therefore it is appropriate to ensure that all parts of the system are protected against external impacts. 98 Designers, installers and service and maintenance technicians should all be aware of these phenomena, and always check to see if any are occurring or leading to leakage whenever possible. Servicing PracticesPDF Image | Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians
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